Grand challenges in urban ecology

Pataki, Diane E.

doi:10.3389/fevo.2015.00057

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In the Anthropocene (Crutzen , Corlett ), human‐made habitat transformation is increasingly evident around the world (Seto et al 2012). Such environmental change is usually associated with a considerable reduction in species richness and functional and phylogenetic diversity, especially in birds (Devictor et al , McKinney , Clavel et al , Bregman et al 2014, Sol et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This area is experiencing one of the highest urbanization rates in the world (Seto et al 2012) and it has very high biodiversity (Indo‐Burman biodiversity hotspot) (Myers et al 2000). We used stable isotopes to compute niche width and overlap of passerine species in these eight assemblages (Jackson et al , Cucherousset and Villéger , Swanson et al ). Isotopic niches, particularly δ 13 C and δ 15 N, offer a reliable proxy of niche use and provide a solid framework for hypothesis testing (Bearhop et al 2004, Newsome et al 2007, Layman et al 2012, Rodríguez and Gerardo Herrera ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Niches in the Anthropocene: passerine assemblages show niche expansion from natural to urban habitats

Pagani‐Núñez

Liang

et al. 2019

Ecography

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Human‐mediated habitat transformation is increasingly evident around the world. Yet, how this transformation influences species’ niche width and overlap remains unclear. On the one hand, human‐mediated habitat transformation promotes increased species similarity through trait‐based filtering, and an increased prevalence of generalist species with broad niches, resulting in functional homogenization. On the other hand, species that colonize transformed habitats could use empty niches, resulting in decreased species similarity and an expansion of assemblage‐level niche space. Here we explore these two alternatives in eight highly diverse passerine assembles in natural, rural and urban habitats in south and southwest China, a rapidly developing region of the world. Based on stable isotopes, we found that species’ niche width increased from natural to human‐made habitats, but there were no differences in niche overlap among habitats. Therefore, we found evidence for niche expansion, with generalists appearing to use empty niches created by human habitat modification, and with assemblages being comprised of complementary species. Further research is needed to determine whether increased between‐ or within‐individual niche variation is the main driver of niche expansion in transformed habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niches in the Anthropocene: passerine assemblages show niche expansion from natural to urban habitats

Pagani‐Núñez

Liang

et al. 2019

Ecography

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“…Molding of landscapes and domestication of plants and animals are some of the most important humanization processes (Kareiva et al, 2007). Due to the fact that the world population is concentrated in cities, these environments are currently the focus of particular interest (Pataki, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incipient Domestication Processes in Multicultural Contexts: A Case Study of Urban Parks in San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina)

2017

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Up to now, the processes of domestication of urban landscapes have been little studied. The public green spaces in the city of Bariloche, an enclave with growing urbanization which lies within the Andino Norpatagonica Biosphere Reserve, offer an opportunity to evaluate cultural molding of the environment. We analyzed different management methods of woody species, both in situ and ex situ, in parks located in sectors with different environmental, socioeconomic, size, age and administration characteristics. Our hypotheses were: (1) Species richness will be higher for exotic plants, in accordance with global patterns of ornamental species selection. (2) Species richness and type of management practice will vary according to the kind of environment, the socioeconomic profile of the neighborhood, the age and size of the park, and type of administration (bottom-up or top-down). (3) Bottom-up park administration will lead to a different landscape than top-down administration. Thirty randomly selected parks of both local council and neighborhood administration and varying environmental and socioeconomic conditions were examined and the composition of their woody species identified. In addition, semi-structured and free interviews were carried out with those responsible for park management, both in situ (tolerance, enhancement, protection) and ex situ (sowing, use of cuttings or transplanting). In accordance with our hypothesis, the processes of domestication of the urban landscape show a tendency toward an anthropized diversity of 130 species, mainly exotic in origin (72%), and principally from the Holarctic region (67%). However, multinomial logistic analysis revealed that in parks under neighborhood administration tolerance of native species is higher (13 times) than in parks administrated by the local council. Species richness increases along an environmental and socioeconomic gradient, and with the age of parks, but does not vary with size. We conclude that urban parks are constructed cultural niches which, as in an agroforestry system, are scenarios which reveal processes of incipient domestication that reflect different cosmovisions and drivers typical of multicultural contexts.

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“…The green infrastructure components of the built environment include green roofs, living walls, bioretention systems such as bioswales or raingardens, water treatment wetlands and other artificial habitats (Table S1) (Gill et al, 2007). One of the "Grand Challenges" of urban ecology is to understand the built environment as a set of ecosystems that interact with each other and with more natural habitats in the urban matrix (Pataki, 2015). Especially in the urban core, constructed ecosystems form an important component of the ecology of cities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As components of city landscapes, energy, materials and organisms can flow between these systems and other urban ecosystems, warranting a landscape approach to constructed ecosystems (Braaker et al, 2014). Constructed ecosystems that occur primarily indoors, such as living walls, can also be considered a valuable part of green infrastructure as they provide ecosystem services and enhance human wellbeing (Table S1) (Pataki, 2015). Some constructed ecosystems, such as the various types of bioreactors and biofiltration systems increasingly used to treat wastewater, may require significant isolation from other ecosystems to carry out their functions and may have limited interaction between system components and organisms from outside.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology and evolution of constructed ecosystems as green infrastructure

Lundholm

2015

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Green infrastructure consists of ecosystems that provide valuable services to urban areas. Constructed ecosystems, including green roofs, bioretention systems, constructed wetlands and bioreactors are artificial, custom-built components of green infrastructure that are becoming more common in cities. Small size, strong spatial boundaries, ecological novelty and the role of human design characterize all constructed ecosystems, influencing their functions and interactions with other urban ecosystems. Here I outline the relevance of ecology and evolution in understanding the functioning of constructed ecosystems. In turn, a research focus on the distinctive aspects of constructed ecosystems can contribute to fundamental science.

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Grand challenges in urban ecology

Cited by 52 publications

References 79 publications

Niches in the Anthropocene: passerine assemblages show niche expansion from natural to urban habitats

Niches in the Anthropocene: passerine assemblages show niche expansion from natural to urban habitats

Incipient Domestication Processes in Multicultural Contexts: A Case Study of Urban Parks in San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina)

The ecology and evolution of constructed ecosystems as green infrastructure

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