Grandparents in Japan, Korea, and China

Nakazawa, Jun; Hyun, Junghwan; Ko, Pei-Chun; Shwalb, David W.

doi:10.4324/9781315642284-9

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Despite this study only focusing on elderly people, these emerging non-customary beliefs may extend to the younger population as they become more common and accepted, thereby posing significant challenges for son preference and the patrilineal family system. Further, Chinese grandparents may be involved in families’ choice of their offspring's sex since parent–grandparent co-parenting is near universal in China (Nakazawa et al, 2017), and the likelihood of grandparenting may be determined by the baby's sex (Sun et al, 2019). Thus, it is rational to believe that the stated shifts within the family account for the normalizing sex ratios at birth witnessed in China (Jiang et al, 2017), as well as in other Asian nations where the patrilineal family system has experienced similar changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From bringing up sons to raising daughters for old age: Patrilineal beliefs regarding old-age security in the Chinese mainland

Sam

2022

Chinese Journal of Sociology

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China has long held the belief that “raising sons prevents hardships in old age”, which constitutes the financial incentive for the son preference that still prevails in some Asian nations. Using the 2012 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, this research examines the current state of the elderly's patrilineal beliefs regarding old-age security and how they are shaped by several transformations within the family. This study yields three significant findings. First, elderly parents who have sons asking for too much help and support tend to believe that “having daughters is best for one's old age”. Second, having more living sons lowers the likelihood of abandoning patrilineal beliefs regarding old-age security, while being sonless raises the likelihood. Finally, daughters’ growing commitment to their parents’ well-being increases the likelihood of non-customary beliefs with regard to old-age security. As a result, this study emphasizes the significance of women's active role in old-age support and low fertility in fostering gender equality and undermining patrilineality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From bringing up sons to raising daughters for old age: Patrilineal beliefs regarding old-age security in the Chinese mainland

Sam

2022

Chinese Journal of Sociology

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“…Bibha Dhungel 1,2, 3 | Tsuguhiko Kato 2,4 | Stuart Gilmour 2 | Yuko Kachi 4 | Manami Ochi 1, 5 | Mako Nagayoshi 6 | Kenji Takehara 1 competence with peers, 14 improved academic performance, 15 and leads to lower levels of delinquent behavior and negativity in children. 16,17 The relationship between fathers' childcare involvement and child behavioral outcomes is based on various psychological theories and models, including social learning theory and attachment theory.…”

Section: Trajectories Of Fathers' Childcare Involvement and Child Beh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are now flexible and increased options for paternal leave leading to different expectations of the father's role. 1,2 Time spent by Japanese fathers of children under 6 years in household-related work increased from a weekly average of 38 min in 1996 to 83 min in 2016, while time spent on childcare increased from 18 to 49 min. 3 Fathers' involvement in childcare involves nurturant and didactic caregiving 4 as well as their responsibility and engagement in activities such as playing, feeding, and bathing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the levels of paternal responsibility and involvement in childcare have increased in recent years with the increase in nuclear families, working mothers, and reformed employment regulations. There are now flexible and increased options for paternal leave leading to different expectations of the father's role 1,2 . Time spent by Japanese fathers of children under 6 years in household‐related work increased from a weekly average of 38 min in 1996 to 83 min in 2016, while time spent on childcare increased from 18 to 49 min 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trajectories of fathers' childcare involvement and child behavioral outcomes

Dhungel,

Kato,

Gilmour

et al. 2023

Pediatrics International

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BackgroundFather's closeness and playful behavior influence a child's emotional and cognitive development. In this study, we aimed to assess the long‐term association of paternal involvement in childcare at 1–3 years of life on subsequent behavioral outcomes at 8 years of age.MethodsData were obtained from the 2010 cohort of the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st century in Japan. We used group‐based trajectory modeling to predict the trajectory of total childcare scores in surveys 1, 2 and 3 to determine the overall involvement of fathers in childcare during early childhood. The level of fathers' involvement in childcare was categorized as “low”, “medium” and “high”. Responses from the eighth survey were used to assess child behavioral outcomes using five indicators when the child was 8 years old. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the odds ratio (OR) separately for each of the behavioral outcomes of the child.ResultsAmong the 17,027 father‐child dyads included in this study, two‐thirds of the fathers were of the age group 30–39 years. Compared to low involvement, children of fathers with high involvement in childcare during the early childhood years were less likely to not want to go to school even after adjusting for covariates (adjusted OR, 0.46; 95% CI: 0.32–0.66).ConclusionsChildren benefit from their fathers' involvement in early childcare activities. To improve a child's well‐being, fathers should be encouraged by providing them with a suitable working environment with flexible arrangements and the opportunity to involve in childcare.

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“…Although China, South Korea, and Japan recently face similar social propensities of an aging society, low fertility, and increasing maternal employment, transgenerational familial relationships are distinctive among these three countries with patriarchal cultures. In Japan, where Confucianism is fading, the parent-child and grandparent-grandchildren relationships are based on mutual meaningfulness and respect (Nakazawa, Hyun, Ko, & Shwalb, 2017). In contrast, the older generation in South Korea is expected to participate in child-rearing with relatively low compensation (Chang, 2011).…”

Section: Chinese Traditional System Of Hierarchical Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of Autonomy in Marriage and Divorce Within the Chinese Traditional System

Yan

Huang

Cui

et al. 2021

Journal of Family Issues

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The Chinese traditional system features a hierarchical familial culture. When confronted with individualization and autonomy in choices of marriage and divorce, the system remains resilient and intervenes in the lives of young families. To analyze the discourses of divorced urban young adults, 46 participants (23 women and 23 men) aged 24–39 years were recruited from various regions in China. Through an analysis of the stressors involved in marriage and divorce, the concrete values and the conceptions shared in a unitary system of traditions were elicited. The promise of stability in a marriage was the appeal of this system while the focus on offspring was the general interest with evolutionary elements that justify this system. The concept of the individual autonomy of divorce grew from marital experiences and would be confined to the traditional system if its appeal remains unchallenged.

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Grandparents in Japan, Korea, and China

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

From bringing up sons to raising daughters for old age: Patrilineal beliefs regarding old-age security in the Chinese mainland

From bringing up sons to raising daughters for old age: Patrilineal beliefs regarding old-age security in the Chinese mainland

Trajectories of fathers' childcare involvement and child behavioral outcomes

Experiences of Autonomy in Marriage and Divorce Within the Chinese Traditional System

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