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This paper studies how the process of reallocation of credit across firms behaves before and after financial crises. Applying the methodology typically used for measuring job reallocation, we track credit reallocation across Korean firms for over three decades (1980–2012). The credit boom preceding the 1997 crisis featured a slowdown of credit reallocation. After the crisis and the associated reforms, the creditless recovery (deleveraging) masked a dramatic intensification and increased procyclicality of credit reallocation. The findings suggest that the intensification of reallocation was efficiency‐enhancing.

This paper explores gross loan flows in Korea from 1984 to 2014 focusing on how gross loan flows differ before and after the 1997 global financial crisis and how they respond to the crisis and the associated banking sector reforms. The paper shows that sizable loan expansion and contraction, measured as deviations from the industry loan growth trend, coexist over time, indicating intense heterogeneity in bank lending. Also, the crisis and the reforms and restructuring of the banking sector are largely attributable to changes in gross loan flows in the post-crisis period. Particularly, banks' asset portfolio reallocation occurs from the commercial sector to individual customers after the crisis.