Granular activated carbon pilot treatment studies for explosives removal from contaminated groundwater

Wujcik, Walter J.; Lowe, William L.; Marks, PJ; Sisk, Wayne E.

doi:10.1002/ep.670110311

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Currently TNT contaminated water is treated by granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption and pilot scale plants based on this technique are operational in some of US military establishments [9][10][11][12]. However, GAC is a transfer technology and the regeneration of GAC may be an issue depending on the amount of TNT adsorbed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic adsorption of trinitrotoluene on granular activated carbon

Marinović

Ristić

Dostanić³

2005

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic adsorption of trinitrotoluene on granular activated carbon

Marinović

Ristić

Dostanić³

2005

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Adsorption to GAC is currently the most widely used treatment method for RDX-and HMXcontaminated waters because it is a simple and effective technology (Wujcik, et al, 1992;Henke and Speitel, 1997). A full-scale GAC system is currently in operation at the Department of Energy Pantex Plant in Amarillo, TX for treatment of HEcontaminated groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of high explosives on granular activated carbon [GAC]: Enhanced desorption of high explosives from GAC -- Batch studies

Morley¹,

Speitel

1999

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Adsorption to GAC is an effective method for removing high explosives (HE) compounds from water, but no permanent treatment is achieved. Bioregeneration, which treats adsorbed contaminants by desorption and biodegradation, is being developed as a method for reducing GAC usage rates and permanently degrading RDX and HMX. Because desorption is often the limiting mass transfer mechanism in bioregeneration systems, several methods for increasing the rate and extent of desorption of RDX and HMX are being studied. These include use of cosolvents (methanol and ethanol), surfactants (both anionic and nonionic), and p-and y-cyclodextrins. Batch experiments to characterize the desorption of these HEs from GAC have been completed using Northwestern LB-830, the GAC being used at Pantex. Over a total of 11 days of desorption, about 3% of the adsorbed RDX was desorbed from the GAC using buffered water as the desorption fluid. In comparison, about 96% of the RDX was extracted from the GAC by acetonitrile over the same desorption period. Ethanol and methanol were both effective in desorbing RDX and HMX; higher alcohol concentrations were able to desorb more HE from the GAC. Surfactants varied widely in their abilities to enhance desorption of HEs. The most effective surfactant that was studied was sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which desorbed 56.4% of the adsorbed RDX at a concentration of 500 mg SDSL. The cyclodextrins that were used were marginally more effective than water. Continuous-flow column tests are underway for further testing the most promising of these methods. These results will be compared to column experiments that have been completed under baseline conditions (using buffered water as the desorption fluid). Results of this research will support modeling and design of further desorption and bioregeneration experiments.

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“…For example, alkaline hydrolysis may play an active role in the in situ natural attenuation of RDX in coastal seawaters (Hoffsommer and Rosen, 1973;Monteil-Rivera et al, 2008). Various technologies, such as treatment with iron metal (Wanaratna et al, 2006), chemical reduction using buffered sodium hydrosulfite (Luo et al, 2012), phytoremediation (Lamichhane et al, 2012;Panz and Miksch, 2012), photolysis (Hawari et al, 2002), adsorption by activated carbon (Wujcik et al, 1992), in situ bioremediation (Waisner et al, 2002), hydrolysis under different conditions (Hoffsommer et al, 1977;Croce and Okamoto, 1979;Heilmann et al, 1996;Balakrishnan et al, 2003;Hwang et al, 2004Hwang et al, , 2006Davis et al, 2007;Larson et al, 2008;Gent et al, 2010), and electrochemical decomposition (Gent et al, 2010) have been investigated as possible methods to treat RDX-contaminated water and soil for safe removal of nitramine from the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline hydrolysis of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine: M06-2X investigation

Sviatenko

Gorb²,

Hill

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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Granular activated carbon pilot treatment studies for explosives removal from contaminated groundwater

Abstract: Manufacturing activities at Army Ammunition Plants ( A A P s ) result in the pro CDNT and 2, respectively). The studies concluded that removal of explosives from groundwater using continuous flow GAC is feasible.

Cited by 38 publications

References 2 publications

Dynamic adsorption of trinitrotoluene on granular activated carbon

Dynamic adsorption of trinitrotoluene on granular activated carbon

Biodegradation of high explosives on granular activated carbon [GAC]: Enhanced desorption of high explosives from GAC -- Batch studies

Alkaline hydrolysis of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine: M06-2X investigation

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