Granular Vulvovaginitis Syndrome in Nelore pubertal and post pubertal replacement heifers under tropical conditions: role of Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma diversum and BHV-1

Abstract

In order to determine the role of Mycoplasma spp, Ureaplasma diversum and BHV-1 as causal agents of Granular Vulvovaginitis Syndrome in Nelore heifers raised under tropical conditions and based on the hypothesis that stressful conditions during puberty or breeding season would be a determinant factor for the infection, 340 heifers not vaccinated against BHV-1 were divided in Post-pubertal, in the beginning of the first breeding season, and Pubertal heifers. The vaginal lesion score (VLS) Grade 1 to 4 was giving according to lesion area and severity. Vaginal mucus was used to isolate Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma diversum and BHV-1. The predominant VLS was 2. No sample was positive for BHV-1; 48% were positive for Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma diversum, or both, with predominance of Ureaplasma diversum. Serum neutralization for BHV-1 showed more positive animals in pubertal group (23%); 3 of the paired sera demonstrated seroconversion. These data indicated that post-pubertal and pubertal Nelore heifers raised under extensive conditions are more susceptible to Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma diversum. The hypothesis that the stress of pubertal period could lead to an acute vaginal infection by HBV-1 was not proofed.

Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs through high-throughput sequencing in the chicken lung in response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum HS

“…Mycoplasmosis occurs frequently in humans and animals around the world and is caused by Mycoplasmas, which is primarily known as an extracellular pathogen (Atkinson et al, 2008;Chazel et al, 2010;Gambarini et al, 2009;May and Brown, 2009;McVey, 2010;Osman et al, 2009;Sykes, 2010). Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), the most important avian pathogenic mycoplasma, causes avian chronic respiratory disease (CRD), especially in chickens and turkeys, which features inflammation of the trachea, air sacs and lungs (Ley, 2003;Stipkovits et al, 2012;Yoder, 1991).…”

Occurrence of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum in dairy cattle from to Pernambuco state, Brazil

“…detected Mollicutes (65.6% -21/32) and Ureaplasma diversum (15.6% -5/32) in a reproductive disease outbreak where animals were reared in a semi-intensive system. In this system, the transmission of the agent by direct contact is favored (Gambarini et al, 2009) mainly at the time of milking, because the cows have the habit of smelling and licking the external genitalia of each other, which facilitates the agent's dissemination (Rocha, 2009). .…”

“…It was observed that 9.41% (8/85) of the positive cows (3/8 for Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and 5/8 for Ureaplasma diversum) showed signs of granular vulvovaginitis during the gathering of samples. Gambarini et al (2009) and Cardoso et al (1997) reported that granular vulvovaginitis may be associated with the presence of Ureaplasma diversum. Oliveira-Filho et al (2005) affirmed that the presence of Ureaplasma diversum is associated with the occurrence of granular vulvovaginitis syndrome, and it is independent of the injury extension observed in the vulvovaginal mucosa.…”

Resposta de macrófagos e blastocistos bovinos após a exposição a <i>Ureaplasma diversum</i>.

“…WAKAYO; BRAR; PRABHAKAR, 2015) ou de exposição a micro-organismos potencialmente patogênicos adquiridos principalmente durante a estação de monta (BROMFIELD et al, 2015;GAMBARINI et al, 2009;POTTER et al, 2010;SHELDON, 2015).…”

“…na mucosa vaginal associada ou não com a presença de vesículas na vulva, em fêmeas na fase reprodutiva(GAMBARINI et al, 2009). Estudos sobre a ocorrência da vulvovaginite em rebanho brasileiro demonstraram que em 57,15% dos casos o diagnóstico foi positivo para Mycoplasma spp, valores estes, superiores aos descritos em outros países.…”