Granuloma Annulare

Multiple granuloma annulare in a 2-year-old child

“…The localized annular and subcutaneous forms are common in children and young adults. [ 9 ] The generalized variant is more common in adults.…”

Granuloma Annulare

“…Although the point prevalence of granuloma annulare in the community is not known, it is estimated that 0.1 to 0.4% of new patients attending dermatologic clinics have granuloma annulare [6]. Most cases of granuloma annulare occur before the age of 30 years [7].…”

“…Occasionally, granuloma annulare has been reported to follow trauma, insect bites, tuberculin skin tests, immunizations (e.g., hepatitis B, diphtheria-tetanus, bacillus Calmette-Guérin), viral infections (e.g., herpes zoster, Epstein Barr virus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus), medications (e.g., amlodipine, allopurinol, diclofenac), diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, and malignancy [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. These associations have been reported mainly in adult populations [6]. Familial cases of granuloma annulare have also been reported [8,14].…”

“…Localized granuloma annulare is the most common form in children and comprises 75% of cases [6,7,17]. The lesion starts as a ring of small, smooth, firm, asymptomatic, erythematous, violaceous, brown or skin-colored papules [7,8].…”

“…The lesion usually presents as a painless flesh-colored subcutaneous nodule with no inflammatory appearance at the skin surface [1,23]. Sites of predilection include the pretibial areas, feet, forearms, hands, fingers, scalp, and forehead [5,6,23]. It rarely occurs in the periocular area.…”