Granulomatous infiltration of a parathyroid adenoma presenting as primary hyperparathyroidism in a woman: a case report

Anaforoğlu, İnan; Şiviloğlu, Çiğdem; Livaoğlu, Ayten; Algün, Ekrem

doi:10.1186/1752-1947-4-400

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A hand search of article bibliographies was also performed with the ISI Thompson Web of Knowledge Citation report, enabling further articles to be retrieved. From the initial electronic search of 185 articles for possible inclusion, 27 articles were retained following title and abstract reviews; these articles reported on a total of 96 patients with inflammatory diseases of the parathyroid gland, including parathyroiditis ( n = 15), lymphocytic infiltrate ( n = 69), sarcoidosis of the parathyroid gland ( n = 6), tuberculosis ( n = 14), and granulomatous disease ( n = 2) 10–36 . The inclusion criterion was unambiguous evidence of inflammatory processes of the parathyroid gland in the form of a histological description.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory diseases of the parathyroid gland

Talat¹,

Díaz‐Cano

Schulte³

2011

Histopathology

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Talat N, Diaz‐Cano S & Schulte K‐M (2011) Histopathology59, 897–908 Inflammatory diseases of the parathyroid gland Aims: Inflammatory disorders of the parathyroid gland are very rare as compared with those of other endocrine organs. The aim of this study was to provide the first systematic review of this condition. Methods and results: A 42‐year‐old patient underwent surgery for recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism. Histology showed hyperplastic parathyroiditis defined by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with active germinal centres. Molecular markers revealed significant upregulation of CD68 in an ischaemic background (hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 upregulation) with mitochondrial reaction (malate dehydrogenase 2 upregulation) and hyperparathyroidism (carbonic anhydrase 4 upregulation). Our case demonstrates true intraparathyroid inflammation with terminal B‐cell differentiation. We searched PubMed, ISI Thompson and Google Scholar up to January 2011, using the terms ‘parathyroiditis’, ‘inflammation of parathyroid gland’, ‘lymphocytic infiltrate’, ‘tuberculosis of the parathyroid’, ‘sarcoidosis’, and ‘graulomatous inflammation’. Three autopsy series, 27 articles and 96 case reports with inflammatory parathyroid disorders were identified. Autopsy series showed lymphocytic infiltrates in up to 16% of all cases. The entire material reported lymphocytic infiltrates (n = 69), parathyroiditis with germinal centres (n = 15), sarcoidosis (n = 6), tuberculosis (n = 4), and other granulomatous diseases (n = 2). Conclusions: Distinct inflammatory and granulomatous processes in the parathyroid gland are rare. Scanty lymphocytic infiltrates are common, and occur in generalized inflammatory conditions or venous congestion. We note the surprising absence of an association between histological proof of parathyroiditis and hypoparathyroidism.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory diseases of the parathyroid gland

Talat¹,

Díaz‐Cano

Schulte³

2011

Histopathology

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“…The majority of patients with granulomatous disease-related hypercalcemia do not present with symptoms; however, in some cases, chronic hypercalcemia may occur (6). To date, at least to the best of our knowledge, only eight cases of granulomatous inflammation of the parathyroid gland caused by TB have been reported in the literature (4,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculous granulomatous inflammation of parathyroid adenoma manifested as primary hyperparathyroidism: A case report and a review of the literature

Salih,

Qaradakhy,

Hassan

et al. 2023

Med Int

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tuberculosis of the thyroid gland is rare, and tuberculous granulomatous inflammation of the parathyroid glands is even rarer. The present study reports a rare case of primary hyperparathyroidism caused by tuberculous granulomatous inflammation. A 58-year-old female patient presented with generalized body pain persisting for 1 year. She had a history of recurrent renal stones (>20 times) and an incidental finding of multinodular goiter involving the parathyroid on neck ultrasound. a blood analysis revealed elevated levels of serum calcium (11.26 mg/dl) and parathyroid hormone (154.7 pg/ml). The patient underwent the resection of the affected left thyroid lobe under general anesthesia. a histopathological examination revealed parathyroid adenoma with caseating granulomatous inflammation involving the adenoma with focal lymphocytic thyroiditis of the left thyroid gland. Although granulomatous parathyroid disease with parathyroid adenoma causing hypercalcemia is an extremely rare event, it can occur. the treatment of choice is surgical resection.

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“…Inflammatory lesions of the parathyroid gland, particularly granulomas involving the parathyroid gland are very rare and seldom described. Hypercalcaemia occurring due to granulomatous disease remains asymptomatic; however, features of chronic hypercalcaemia may occur under long-standing conditions 1. Although rare, thymic tissue is commonly associated with the thyroid and parathyroid gland due to its faulty descent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%