Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: Imaging, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Larsen, Linda Hovanessian; Peyvandi, Banafsheh; Klipfel, Nancy; Grant, Edward G.; Iyengar, Geeta S.

doi:10.2214/ajr.08.1528

Cited by 236 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

157

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Mammographic findings are considered non-specific, and these data are in agreement with our findings. Although Lequin et al [10] first revealed non-circumscript lesions (24/41), other authors have described other findings such as multiple small masses, an irregular illdefined mass or a focal asymmetric density to be more common [5,[11][12][13]21]. Our study showed that the most common mammographic appearance was a focal/ diffuse asymmetric density (12/25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…The most frequently used classification subtypes are subareolar abscess of the breast, mastitis complicating fibrocystic disease, inflammation of a cyst and plasma cell mastitis [10,20]. Non-puerperal mastitis usually affects females under 40 years old [5,10,11,13], which was reflected in our study (the mean age of our patients was 37.5 years). Females with non-puerperal mastitis typically present with a breast mass that may be associated with pain, skin thickening or axillary adenopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Nonpuerperal mastitis is not a single specific histopathological entity but includes a wide spectrum of different disorders [2][3][4][5][6]. The most frequently used classification subtypes are subareolar abscess of the breast, mastitis complicating fibrocystic disease, inflammation of a cyst and plasma cell mastitis [10,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aetiology of this disease is still unknown, but it may or may not be accompanied by infection [1,2]. Non-puerperal mastitis includes a wide spectrum of different disorders, such as newborn mastitis, thelitis in young females, bacterial infections, non-bacterial infections that generally originate from deeper milk ducts (such as plasma cell mastitis and granulomatous mastitis), as well as inflammatory disorders of the breast skin [2][3][4][5][6]. The majority of patients with non-puerperal mastitis usually exhibit one or several breast masses without any other signs of inflammation.…”

Section: Advances In Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the appearance of nonpuerperal mastitis on mammography and sonography is non-specific [5,[10][11][12][13]. MR mammography is useful for the detection of non-puerperal mastitis, but the published literature on using MRI to detect nonpuerperal mastitis is sparse [7,13,14].…”

Section: Advances In Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Radiological and clinical features of adult non-puerperal mastitis

Tan¹,

Li²,

Peng³

et al. 2013

BJR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To describe the radiological and clinical features of adult non-puerperal mastitis and to determine the most accurate method of preventing unnecessary surgical procedures.Methods: Clinical and imaging findings were retrospectively reviewed in 51 females with non-puerperal mastitis, which was confirmed by biopsy/surgical pathology. All 51 patients had pre-operative MRI; 45 patients also had sonograms and 25 also had mammograms, pre-operatively.Results: Of the 51 cases with non-puerperal mastitis, 94.1% (48/51) were confirmed as having acute or chronic inflammation, and the other 3 had plasma cell mastitis; areola papillaris inflammation was found in 39.2% (20/51) of the cases. Overall, 6 of the 25 cases that were examined with mammography and 2 of the 45 cases that were examined with sonography appeared normal, but all 51 lesions were positively identified on MRI. Asymmetrical density (12/25) on mammograms and solitary or separated/ contiguous, clustered, hypoechoic mass-like lesions (31/45) on ultrasound were the most common signs of non-puerperal mastitis. On enhanced MRI, 90.2% (46/51) of patients showed non-mass-like enhanced lesions. Multiple regional enhancements in the pattern of distribution (32/46) and separated or contiguous, clustered, rim-like enhancements in the pattern of internal enhancement (29/46) were the most common manifestations in nonmass-like enhanced lesions. Of the 51 patients, mastitis Type 1 and Type 2 in the time-signal intensity curve were detected in 47.1% and 51.0% of the patients, respectively. The breast imaging reporting and data system categories with the highest number of patients were Category 0 (9/ 25) on mammography, Category 4a on sonography (18/45) and Category 4a on MRI (29/51). Conclusion:The findings from mammography and ultrasound are non-specific; therefore, using MR can be helpful in the diagnosis, especially in the presence of non-mass-like enhancements that are multiple, regional, separated, or contiguous, clustered and rim-like.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advances In Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advances In Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Radiological and clinical features of adult non-puerperal mastitis

Tan¹,

Li²,

Peng³

et al. 2013

BJR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Sonographic features of inflammatory conditions of the breast

Febery

Bennett

2019

Australas J Ultrason Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inflammatory conditions of the breast can be a diagnostic challenge, and ultrasound is a proven valuable tool in this setting. In acute infective conditions, ultrasound is often a superior tool to mammography due to the impracticality of applying compression to the breast and the increased parenchymal density of these often younger patients. Although infective processes comprise the majority of inflammatory conditions in the breast, not infrequently other various disease processes can masquerade as infections. In particular, inflammatory breast cancer can be easily misdiagnosed as an infective process and sonography can play an important role in expediting the correct diagnosis. Furthermore, aspiration, drainage and biopsy are frequently required in managing breast inflammation and breast disease generally, and ultrasound is the most practical imaging modality facilitating such interventions. This article provides a review of the ultrasound characteristics of some of the more frequently encountered inflammatory disorders of the breast which span a spectrum of acute to chronic conditions. The various conditions in this report are described in terms of their specific sonographic imaging features as well as pathogenesis, common clinical presentations, and aspects of management are outlined where appropriate.

show abstract

Ultrasonic multimodality imaging features and the classification value of nonpuerperal mastitis

Yao

et al. 2022

J of Clinical Ultrasound

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To explore the value of ultrasonic multimodality imaging for characterizing nonpuerperal mastitis (NPM) lesions and feasibility of distinguishing different subtypes. Methods Thirty‐eight NPM lesions were assessed using conventional ultrasonography (US), strain elastography (SE), and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The lesions were confirmed pathologically and classified as granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM), plasma cell mastitis (PCM), or nonspecific mastitis (NSM). Furthermore, diagnostic indicators were evaluated. The diagnostic performances of the modalities were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results The overall morphological features on US differed significantly between the GLM and PCM groups (p = 0.002). Lesion size (≤10 mm) (p = 0.003) and mean SE score (p = 0.001) differed significantly between the PCM and NSM groups. The frequent NPM characteristic on CEUS was hyperenhancement with (or without) increased lesion size; intergroup differences were not significant. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System > 3 was considered to indicate malignancy; accordingly, the accuracy of US alone, US with CEUS, and US with SE was 10.5%, 21.1%, and 65.8%, respectively. Moreover, the AUC for US with SE for classifying GLM and PCM was 0.616. Conclusion CEUS cannot accurately classify NPM subtypes, while US and SE are valuable for classification.

show abstract

Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: Imaging, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Cited by 236 publications

References 14 publications

Radiological and clinical features of adult non-puerperal mastitis

Radiological and clinical features of adult non-puerperal mastitis

Sonographic features of inflammatory conditions of the breast

Ultrasonic multimodality imaging features and the classification value of nonpuerperal mastitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About