Grape By-Products in Sustainable Cosmetics: Nanoencapsulation and Market Trends

Abstract

The largest human organ, the skin, serves a variety of essential functions including protection, preservation of water and electrolytes, regulation of body temperature, and fat storage. Its maintenance and preservation are supported by cosmetic products, whose functions include cleaning, protection, and modulation. The market for these products is predicted to increase from 100.13 billion USD in 2021 to 145.82 billion USD in 2028. Recently, it has been suggested that grape by-products (totalling 14.5 million tons per year just in Europe) has a great potential to be used in the creation of new cosmetic products. In this regard, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the bioactive compounds in grape pomace, the advantages of applying them to the skin, and the main cosmetic products already on the market incorporating these bioactives. Most of these compounds are derived from the Vitis vinifera L. species, and exhibit several biological properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, inhibition of skin degrading enzymes, protection from UVA damage, increased cell viability, and skin whitening effect. On the other hand, nanoencapsulation techniques can provide a significant improvement in the stability of grape-derived bioactive compounds, in particular of resveratrol, and this issue is also addressed in a critical manner in this review.

Use of Waste from the Food Industry and Applications of the Fermentation Process to Create Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Review

“…Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a fruit crop used for fresh consumption and production of wine, juice, dried fruits, and distilled liquor. Approximately 80% of its production is destined for winemaking by pressing and macerating grapes, which in Europe creates approximately 4.5 million tons of wastes per year [121]. Grape pomace is composed of grape seeds (25%), stalks (25%), and skins (50%).…”

“…Due to this fact, it can resist biological degradation and cause unbalance in the ecosystem. The extraction process is an effective method of grape waste valorisation, resulting in raw materials with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties [121,122]. For the needs of the cosmetic industry, extracts are obtained from seed and oil, pomace, grape skins, shoot, stalk lees, stem cells, and seed paste.…”

“…Both grape extract and grape seed oil as a by-product from the grape waste give a beneficial effect on the skin. Grape seed extract has antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-ageing, anti-microbial (against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis), antifungal, anti-acne, and anti-inflammatory activity, and protects skin cells against UVA damage [121,122,124]. Moreover, grape seed oil has antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, whereas grape seed powder has an abrasive and exfoliant properties [121,122,124].…”

Recent advances in oral delivery systems of resveratrol: foreseeing their use in functional foods

“…Different from other recent reviews focusing on multiple bioactives of plant origin and specific techniques for their delivery 22 or use in different areas ( e.g. , pharmaceutical, 23 biomedical, 24 and cosmetics 25 ), this review highlights the diverse delivery systems and techniques that can be used as oral delivery systems in food applications.…”

A Cocktail-Based Formula for the Design of Nanosized Cosmeceuticals as Skincare and Anti-Age Products

“…From these plant-and fruit-derived byproducts, it is possible to obtain extracts rich in phytocomplexes, even though the yield of recovery is strictly dependent not only on the type of residue processed but also on the type of extraction chosen [10,11]. Among the different fruits, grapes are the one cultivated the most in the Mediterranean area to produce wine, which, in turn, is associated with a huge amount of waste, called pomace, that, if not effectively managed, may represent a big environmental problem [12][13][14]. In this scenario, the use of grape pomace may represent an important strategy for the transformation of a residue into a valuable and marketable product, with beneficial properties for human health.…”