Grape polyphenols protect neurodegenerative changes induced by chronic ethanol administration

Abstract

Increased oxidative stress in the brain due to chronic ethanol consumption is known to result in a number of neurodegenerative changes. This study was designed to test whether dietary supplementation of grape polyphenols (GP) can offer protection to the neurodegenerative changes resulting from chronic ethanol consumption. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a Leiber-DeCarli liquid diet with ethanol or isocaloric amount of maltose, and with or without GP for 2 months. Chronic ethanol caused significant decreases in synaptosomal Na,K-ATPase (20.5%) and dopamine uptake (22.8%) activities compared with pair-fed controls. Although GP alone did not alter activities of these membrane-bound proteins, GP supplementation was able to completely protect the decrease in synaptic protein function elicited by chronic ethanol consumption.

MAPK signaling in neurodegeneration: influences of flavonoids and of nitric oxide

“…Furthermore, flavonoids showed protective effects against an increase in brain lipid peroxidation following Vitamin E deprivation [219], attenuated neuronal damage induced by ethanol administration [113,199] and reduced O-ethyl-S,Sdipropyl phosphorodithioate-induced neurotoxicity in mice [163]. Interestingly, the oral administration of a catechincontaining antioxidant preparation significantly increased the life span of senescence-accelerated mice [112] and increased SOD activity in the mitochondrial fraction of the striatum and the midbrain, decreased products of lipid peroxidation in cortex and cerebellum, and attenuated the iron(II) chloride-induced formation of markers of DNA damage in the cortex of aged rats [106].…”

Maternal Dietary Supplementation with Pomegranate Juice Is Neuroprotective in an Animal Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

“…Catechin and epicatechin have been shown to reduce ischemia and reperfusion injury in gerbils (71). Although these compounds (interestingly present in dark chocolate as well) possess potent antioxidant capacities, they also increase superoxide dismutase activity and have been shown to protect against brain lipid peroxidation (61,72).…”

Will it Ever Become Possible to Prevent Dopaminergic Neuronal Degeneration?

“…However, this protective effect has not been confirmed in other studies [249,250]. There is enough experimental evidence [212][213][214][215][216][217] that red wine consumption may be beneficial in the prevention of age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as PD.…”

“…Epidemiological studies have shown that moderate wine consumption can be protective against neurological disorders such as age-related macular degeneration [211]. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies have shown the neuroprotective effect of lyophilized red wine [212], grape polyphenols [213], quercetin [214], transresveratrol [212,215,216], and (+)-catechin [217]. There is also increasing interest for the role of tea (Camellia sinensis) in maintaining health and in treating disease.…”