Grapefruit pectin inhibits hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in miniature swine

Baekey, Paul; Cerda, James J.; Burgin, Charles W.; Robbins, Frank; Rice, Ronald W.; Baumgartner, Thomas G.

doi:10.1002/clc.4960110903

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Interestingly, supplementation with pectin or inulin did not affect atherogenic diet-induced changes in blood parameters such as cholesterol. These findings are in contrast to those obtained by other authors, who reported beneficial effects of pectin on circulating cholesterol in pigs and humans [42,43,54,55]. It is tempting to speculate that 5% of pectin used in the current study was too low.…”

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…For the ADp group, 5% pectin (agroPECT-A 100/70, agro Food Solution GmbH, Werder, Germany) was added to the atherogenic diet. In the ADi group, 5% inulin (Orafti 1 IPS; Beneo GmbH, Tienen, Belgium) was added according to literature [36,43,44,54]. The feed was provided ad libitum.…”

Section: Feed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a number of positive effects are known from SCFAs, such as immune and inflammation regulation [40]. Studies in humans and pigs have reported a cholesterol-lowering effect of pectin and inulin supplementation [41][42][43]. Moreover, supplementing high-fat diets with inulin slowed body weight gain in pigs [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of atherogenic diet supplemented with fermentable carbohydrates on metabolic responses and plaque formation in coronary arteries using a Saddleback pig model

Wahl

Raschke²,

Wittmann³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Fermentable carbohydrates are gaining interest in the field of human nutrition because of their benefits in obesity-related comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fermentable carbohydrates, such as pectin and inulin, in an atherogenic diet on metabolic responses and plaque formation in coronary arteries using a Saddleback pig model. Forty-eight healthy pigs aged five months were divided into four feeding groups (n = 10) and one baseline group (n = 8). Three feeding groups received an atherogenic diet (38% crisps, 10% palm fat, and 2% sugar with or without supplementation of 5% pectin or inulin), and one group received a conventional diet over 15 weeks. Feed intake, weight gain, body condition score, and back fat thickness were monitored regularly. Blood and fecal samples were collected monthly to assess the metabolites associated with high cardiovascular risk and fat content, respectively. At the end of 15 weeks, the coronary arteries of the pigs were analyzed for atherosclerotic plaque formation. Independent of supplementation, significant changes were observed in lipid metabolism, such as an increase in triglycerides, bile acids, and cholesterol in serum, in all groups fed atherogenic diets in comparison to the conventional group. Serum metabolome analysis showed differentiation of the feeding groups by diet (atherogenic versus conventional diet) but not by supplementation with pectin or inulin. Cardiovascular lesions were found in all feeding groups and in the baseline group. Supplementation of pectin or inulin in the atherogenic diet had no significant impact on cardiovascular lesion size. Saddleback pigs can develop naturally occurring plaques in coronary arteries. Therefore, this pig model offers potential for further research on the effects of dietary intervention on obesity-related comorbidities, such as cardiovascular lesions, in humans.

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Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Feed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of atherogenic diet supplemented with fermentable carbohydrates on metabolic responses and plaque formation in coronary arteries using a Saddleback pig model

Wahl

Raschke²,

Wittmann³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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“…Similarly, Beakey et al (1988) reported that grapefruit pectin reduced atherosclerosis in miniature swine [27]. McCall et al (1992) compared the intake of low-cholesterol cellulose (LCC), high-cholesterol psyllium (HCP), and high-cholesterol cellulose (HCC) in African green monkeys for 3.5 years and reported that both LCC and HCP significantly reduced blood cholesterol than HCC and that dietary psyllium decreased total blood cholesterol by decreasing LDL cholesterol synthesis [28,29].…”

Section: Fiber Blood Cholesterol and Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease

2019

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Observational studies have shown that dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary fiber is a non-digestible form of carbohydrates, due to the lack of the digestive enzyme in humans required to digest fiber. Dietary fibers and lignin are intrinsic to plants and are classified according to their water solubility properties as either soluble or insoluble fibers. Water-soluble fibers include pectin, gums, mucilage, fructans, and some resistant starches. They are present in some fruits, vegetables, oats, and barley. Soluble fibers have been shown to lower blood cholesterol by several mechanisms. On the other hand, water-insoluble fibers mainly include lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose; whole-grain foods, bran, nuts, and seeds are rich in these fibers. Water-insoluble fibers have rapid gastric emptying, and as such may decrease the intestinal transit time and increase fecal bulk, thus promoting digestive regularity. In addition to dietary fiber, isolated and extracted fibers are known as functional fiber and have been shown to induce beneficial health effects when added to food during processing. The recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for total fiber intake for men and women aged 19–50 are 38 gram/day and 25 gram/day, respectively. It is worth noting that the RDA recommendations are for healthy people and do not apply to individuals with some chronic diseases. Studies have shown that most Americans do not consume the recommended intake of fiber. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding dietary fiber, sources of food containing fiber, atherosclerosis, and heart disease risk reduction.

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“…Animal studies have suggested that pectin can inhibit dietinduced hypercholesterolemia without lower ing HDL [82], Cerda et al [83] demonstrated the regression or prevention of atherosclerosis in microswine with chronic hypercholesterol emia. This reduction in atherosclerosis was independent of the serum cholesterol levels.…”

Section: Lipids Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fiber: Fact and Fiction

Bennett

Cerda²

1996

Dig Dis

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There have been many conflicting reports about the benefits of dietary fiber. Dietary fiber has been touted to provide remarkable benefits: from the control of functional bowel disease to the prevention of cancer. We have reviewed all prominent studies on the benefits of dietary fiber and examined the nature of their conflicting results. Recommendations for dietary fiber intake are also discussed.

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Grapefruit pectin inhibits hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in miniature swine

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of atherogenic diet supplemented with fermentable carbohydrates on metabolic responses and plaque formation in coronary arteries using a Saddleback pig model

Effects of atherogenic diet supplemented with fermentable carbohydrates on metabolic responses and plaque formation in coronary arteries using a Saddleback pig model

Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease

Dietary Fiber: Fact and Fiction

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