Grapevine phenology in France: from past observations to future evolutions in the context of climate change

Abstract

Aim: Phenology is a key factor in explaining the distribution and diversity of current vineyards in France. This work has the objective to summarize the different studies developed in France to analyze grapevine phenology.Methods and results: Several topics are presented: a general description of all historical databases and observatory networks developed in France during the last 70 years; an overview of the different models developed to calculate the main phenological stages; an analysis of the main results obtained using these models in the context of studies of climate change impacts on viticulture in France; and finally a general discussion about the main strategies to adapt the phenological cycle to future climate conditions.Conclusion: This review emphasizes that even if phenology is not the only trait to be considered for adapting grapevine to climate change, it plays a major role in the distribution of the current variety x vineyard associations.Significance and impact of the study: It is therefore critical to continue to study phenology in order to better understand its physiological and genetic basis and to define the best strategies to adapt to future climatic conditions.

Grapevine abiotic stress assessment and search for sustainable adaptation strategies in Mediterranean-like climates. A review

“…Some studies have considered the effects of environmental stresses and canopy management practices throughout the growing cycle, enlighten the dynamic between grapevine microclimate and farming practices and their effects on fruit ripening, yield, and quality potential (Smart 1985;Jackson and Lombard 1993;Dokoozlian 1996;Mabrouk and Sinoquet 1998). Phenology is considered one of the first biological indicators of stress used to quantify the magnitude of climate change impact in vines during the main grapevine phenological stages (bud break, flowering, and veraison) and at harvest (Menzel et al 2006;García de Cortázar-Atauri et al 2017). Several models have been applied to predict the onset of vines phenology, and to enlighten the factors that may interfere in the development of vines under different conditions (Duchêne and Schneider 2005;Parker et al 2011;Daux et al 2012;Jones 2013).…”

Climate change is implicating a two-fold impact on air temperature increase in the ripening period under the conditions of the Luxembourgish grapegrowing region

“…Since grape phenological development is predominantly air temperature-driven (e.g., Duchene and Schneider, 2005;Gladstones, 2011;Keller, 2015;Moncur et al, 1989), the projected temperature increase due to climate change will have significant impacts on viticulture, particularly close to the climatic frontiers of viticulture where the dependence of grape phenology and maturity on climatic conditions is most pronounced (Brazdil et al, 2008). Phenology represents a major factor in the distribution of the viticultural areas (Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri et al, 2017). With ongoing climatic change, northern regions are expected to become more suitable (in terms of climatic conditions) for ripening grapes (Jones and Schultz, 2016).…”

The Impact of Possible Decadal-Scale Cold Waves on Viticulture over Europe in a Context of Global Warming

“…Temperature is the predominant driver of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) growing [6], as it primarily regulates the main phenological phases of the plant, i.e., bud break, flowering, veraison, and maturity, thus characterizing yield and quality parameters. Due to the ongoing climate change, earlier phenological events have been registered in the last decades over most of the traditional vineyards of Europe, e.g., in Bordeaux and Rhone Valley [7,8], northeast Spain [9], northeast Italy [10,11], and Piedmont [12].…”