Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Symbolism in the Ancient Euro-Mediterranean Cultures

Savo, Valentina; Kumbaric, Alma; Caneva, Giulia

doi:10.1007/s12231-016-9347-x

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the 1 st century BCE the also Greek author Strabo in his Geography, book 3 chapter 3, refers to vineyards in the lower Tagus valley and in chapter 2 to wine exports from Tudertania. Roman remains (1 st century BCE to 5th century CE) are ubiquitous, including grape seeds remains in archeological sites, oenological equipment and amphorae used to storage and transport of wine (Fabião, 1998;Tereso et al, 2011;Savo et al, 2016). Viticulture was not abandoned after the defeat of the Visigoths kingdom by Tariq (711 CE), and later in the Middle Ages, viticulture spread throughout the country likely related to the expansion of Christian kingdoms and also accompanied by the establishment of several monastic orders (Benedictines and Cistercians) with strong viticulture traditions (Fernandes, 1532;Martinez Tomé, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Relationships Among Portuguese Cultivated and Wild Vitis vinifera L. Germplasm

et al. 2020

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The domesticated grapevine spread along the Mediterranean basin from the primary Near East domestication area, where the greatest genetic diversity is found in its ancestor, the wild vine populations. Portuguese wild populations are on the southwestern fringe of the distribution of the Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (C.C. Gmel.) Hegi in Europe. During the last Glacial Period they became isolated from the previous continuum that had been the territory of wild vine populations. Archaeological remains of domesticated vinifera grapevines in Portugal date back from 795 Before Common Era (BCE) in the lower Tagus river basin. In this work, 258 Portuguese vinifera varieties and sylvestris plants were characterized using 261 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The study of the genetic diversity of this local germplasm, its population structure and kinship, all framed in their historical and geographical backgrounds, revealed a complex network of first-degree relationships, where only Iberian varieties are involved. Some Iberian genotypes, like Alfrocheiro (Bruñal, in Spain), Sarigo (Cayetana Blanca), Mourisco Branco (Hebén), Amaral (Caiño Bravo), and Marufo (Moravia Dulce) are ancestors of a considerable fraction of all the autochthonous analyzed varieties. A part of the diversity developed was mostly local in some cases as shown by the closeness of several varieties (Vinhos Verdes) to the wild cluster in different analyses. Besides, several evidences of introgression of domesticated germplasm into wild vines was found, substantiating the high risk of genetic contamination of the sylvestris subspecies. All these findings together to the known matching between the wild maternal lineage of the Iberian Peninsula and an important number of Portuguese grapevine varieties (chlorotype A), point out that some of these varieties derive, directly or indirectly, from originally local wild populations, supporting the possible occurrence of secondary events of local domestication, or, at least, of an introgression process of wild into cultivated grapevines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Relationships Among Portuguese Cultivated and Wild Vitis vinifera L. Germplasm

et al. 2020

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“…For instance, Phoenix dactylifera symbolised Rha (the god of the Sun) and Min (the god of fertility); Hyphaene thebaica represented Thoth (the god of the moon, wisdom, writing, science, magic, and art). Tamarix and Salix species, such as Vitis vinifera, represented Osiris (the god of fertility, vegetation, death, and afterlife); Nymphaea and Papyrus symbolized Horus (the god of the hawk), and Hathor (the goddess of the sky, fertility, women, and love), Ficus sycomorus symbolized Isis (like Hathor powerful goddess) [17,91].…”

Section: Archaeo-botanical and Archaeo-environmental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Greek-Roman contexts, the selection of species in gardens according to their symbolic value was well-documented by Pliny the Elder and Vitruvius. Both in architectural decorations and garden structures, the choice of subjects or plants was purposeful and not simply ornamental, and symbolism was a constant presence, used to convey a message, to serve as a warning, or as an augural element [87,91,92]. Here, the symbolic message of plants could be explained through mythology: Laurus nobilis referred to Phoebus-Apollo (homologous to the Egyptian Rha); Vitis vinifera to Dionysus/Bacchus (homologous of Osiris); Rosa sp.…”

Section: Archaeo-botanical and Archaeo-environmental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Lost Gardens: From Knowledge to Revitalization and Cultural Valorization of Natural Elements

Hosseini

Caneva

2022

Sustainability

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Gardens constantly change during their lifetime due to the growth and death of plants and to the effects (or lack) of management activities. The loss of garden areas, as well as the building’s collapse, can drastically impact the view and understanding of archaeological areas. The study and reconstruction of ancient lost gardens is a complex topic, and it seems that there is a lack of a general methodological approach for assessing the revitalization and valorization activities of these gardens, especially when considering the floristic features. Here, we discuss the required steps for developing the various intervention components for achieving a deep knowledge and understanding of natural, historical, and philosophical features of the place and its culture, from the past to the current conditions. Considering this knowledge, we propose a revitalization and a cultural valorization approach of the natural elements, and we discuss the limitations and issues arising in lost garden studies.

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“…), which has spread both naturally and aided by humans throughout the Mediterranean region and Central Europe 12 , especially during the time of the Roman Empire 13 . Together with olive tree 14 , 15 and grapevine 16 , 17 , this species played a crucial role in sustaining the Mediterranean and south-Alpine communities, particularly during the Middle Ages 13 , 18 . As a result, countries with natural populations of this tree have created and cultivated their own local varieties 19 , 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene flow between wild trees and cultivated varieties shapes the genetic structure of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations

Tumpa

Šatović

Liber

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Gene flow between cultivated and wild gene pools is common in the contact zone between agricultural lands and natural habitats and can be used to study the development of adaptations and selection of novel varieties. This is likely the case in the northern Adriatic region, where centuries-old cultivated orchards of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) are planted within the natural distribution area of the species. Thus, we investigated the population structure of several orchards of sweet chestnuts. Furthermore, the genetic background of three toponymous clonal varieties was explored. Six genomic simple sequence repeat (gSSR) and nine EST-derived SSR (EST-SSR) loci were utilized in this research, and both grafted and non-grafted individuals were included in this study. Five closely related clones were identified, which represent a singular, polyclonal marron variety, found in all three cultivation areas. Furthermore, many hybrids, a result of breeding between cultivated and wild chestnuts, have been found. Analyzed semi-wild orchards defined by a diverse genetic structure, represent a hotspot for further selection and could result in creation of locally adapted, high-yielding varieties.

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Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Symbolism in the Ancient Euro-Mediterranean Cultures

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Genetic Relationships Among Portuguese Cultivated and Wild Vitis vinifera L. Germplasm

Genetic Relationships Among Portuguese Cultivated and Wild Vitis vinifera L. Germplasm

Lost Gardens: From Knowledge to Revitalization and Cultural Valorization of Natural Elements

Gene flow between wild trees and cultivated varieties shapes the genetic structure of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations

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