Graph theoretical analysis of brain connectivity in phantom sound perception

Mohan, Anusha; Ridder, Dirk De; Vanneste, Sven

doi:10.1038/srep19683

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…From the perspective of network system, Pink noise is in equilibrium between order and randomness 23 , which allows network system to respond to external stimuli in an efficient way, and then returns to its original state 24 . This implies a shift to more randomness, which can indicate less coordinated signal organization or more random processing of information 21,25 . Indeed, as sedation depth increases, most patients experience amnesia and show slurred responses to verbal commands during sedation in most cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of brain connectivity during nitrous oxide sedation using graph theory

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Nitrous oxide, the least potent inhalation anesthetic, is widely used for conscious sedation. Recently, it has been reported that the occurrence of anesthetic-induced loss of consciousness decreases the interconnection between brain regions, resulting in brain network changes. However, few studies have investigated these changes in conscious sedation using nitrous oxide. Therefore, the present study aimed to use graph theory to analyze changes in brain networks during nitrous oxide sedation. Participants were 20 healthy volunteers (10 men and 10 women, 20-40 years old) with no history of systemic disease. We acquired electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings of 32 channels during baseline, nitrous oxide inhalation sedation, and recovery. EEG epochs from the baseline and the sedation state (50% nitrous oxide) were extracted and analyzed with the network connection parameters of graph theory. Analysis of 1/f dynamics, revealed a steeper slope while in the sedation state than during the baseline. Network connectivity parameters showed significant differences between the baseline and sedation state, in delta, alpha1, alpha2, and beta2 frequency bands. The most pronounced differences in functional distance during nitrous oxide sedation were observed in the alpha1 and alpha2 frequency bands. Change in 1/f dynamics indicates that changes in brain network systems occur during nitrous oxide administration. Changes in network parameters imply that nitrous oxide interferes with the efficiency of information integration in the frequency bands important for cognitive processes and attention tasks. Alteration of brain network during nitrous oxide administration may be associated to the sedative mechanism of nitrous oxide.Behavior management required for children with severe anxiety and fear can lead to difficulties in obtaining high quality dental care. In adults, pain or anxiety may cause reluctance to receiving dental treatment. In particular, in patients with a history of syncope due to severe stress, dentists should attempt to minimize stress, ensure that patients are comfortable with the treatment, and consider the use of sedation during dental treatment.Nitrous oxide is a sedative, widely used in medicine and dentistry 1 due to its sedative and analgesic effects, fast onset and recovery, and lack of serious side effects. Sedation refers to the intermediate state between consciousness and total loss of consciousness, in which consciousness is suppressed. Nitrous oxide is the least potent inhalation anesthetic, and induces a minimally conscious sedation state allowing patients to respond appropriately to physical stimuli or verbal commands 2 .The brain is a complex network, and recently using the graph theoretical approach, the structural and functional network of the brain has been shown to have similar properties as those of other complex network systems 3 . Graph theory is a mathematical field that attempts to understand and analyze social phenomena, nature, and network structure, by simplifying them to graphs, defined as a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of brain connectivity during nitrous oxide sedation using graph theory

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Future studies with higher temporal resolution on the order of seconds or less with the use of electrophysiological techniques or MEG may serve to complement fcMRI studies [33,34] and may help direct the development of other alternative stimulation patterns (such as pink or white noise) whether provided with SCS, deep brain stimulation or transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) techniques. [39,40] Finally, one can speculate that fcMRI/MEG studies could be used to predict prior to a pain intervention (such as drug therapy, injections or surgery) or after such an intervention, which patients might develop or progress to a chronic pain state. In this way, one could intervene (i.e.…”

Section: Study Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional connectivity and structural analysis of trial spinal cord stimulation responders in failed back surgery syndrome

et al. 2020

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Background Chronic pain has been associated with alterations in brain structure and function that appear dependent on pain phenotype. Functional connectivity (FC) data on chronic back pain (CBP) is limited and based on heterogeneous pain populations. We hypothesize that failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients being considered for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy have altered resting state (RS) FC cross-network patterns that 1) specifically involve emotion and reward/aversion functions and 2) are related to pain scores. Methods RS functional MRI (fMRI) scans were obtained for 10 FBSS patients who are being considered for but who have not yet undergone implantation of a permanent SCS device and 12 healthy age-matched controls. Seven RS networks were analyzed including the striatum (STM). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test evaluated differences in cross-network FC strength (FCS). Differences in periaqueductal grey (PAG) FC were assessed with seed-based analysis. Results Cross-network FCS was decreased (p<0.05) between the STM and all other networks in these FBSS patients. There was a negative linear relationship (R 2 = 0.76, p<0.0022) between STM FCS index and pain scores. The PAG showed decreased FC with network elements and amygdala but increased FC with the sensorimotor cortex and cingulate gyrus. Conclusions Decreased FC between STM and other RS networks in FBSS has not been previously reported. This STM FCS index may represent a more objective measure of chronic

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“…As a consequence of decreased or absent auditory input and the subsequent deficiency of neural input, maladaptive pathological changes in the auditory pathway are formed, which lead to the perception of a “phantom sound” defined as tinnitus [Eggermont, 2007; Eggermont and Tass, 2015; Eggermont and Roberts, 2012]. Neurophysiological investigations were able to demonstrate hyperactivity in auditory brain areas [Farhadi et al, 2010; Folmer, 2007] as well as aberrant oscillatory brain activity and connectivity patterns [Schlee et al, 2009, 2014; Moazami-Goudarzi et al, 2010; Mohan et al, 2016], in tinnitus patients. Available treatment options for tinnitus have only limited efficacy and to date there is no cure available [Baguley et al, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

aMpLiTuDe MoDuLaTeD noise for tinnitus suppression in tonal and noise-like tinnitus

Schoisswohl

Arnds

Schecklmann

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Acoustic stimulation offers a potential treatment approach for tinnitus but also insights in its basic mechanisms by short-term tinnitus suppression called residual inhibition (RI). The effects of RI were found to be depending on intensity, length or sound types covering the individual tinnitus characteristics. In patients with tonal tinnitus RI was increased with amplitude modulated (AM) pure tones at the individual tinnitus frequency while the effects of modulated noise sounds have not been systematically researched.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether in patients with noise-like tinnitus RI can be increased by AM noise-like stimuli according to the individual tinnitus frequency range.Methods: For this purpose the individual tinnitus characteristics (noise-like and tonal tinnitus) were assessed via customizable noise-band matching, in order to generate bandpass filtered stimuli according to the individual tinnitus sound (individualized bandpass filtered sounds; IBP). Subsequent, various stimuli differing in bandpass filtering and AM were tested with respect to their potential to induce RI. Patients were acoustically stimulated with seven different types of stimuli for three minutes each and had to rate the loudness of their tinnitus after each stimuli.Results: Results indicate a general efficacy of noise stimuli for the temporary suppression of tinnitus, but no significant differences between AM and unmodulated IBP. Significantly better effects were observed for the subgroup with noise-like tinnitus (n=14), especially directly after stimulation offset. Conclusions:The study at hand provides further insights in potential mechanisms behind RI for different types of tinnitus. Beyond that, derived principles may qualify for new or extend current tinnitus sound therapies.Chronic subjective tinnitus is defined as the permanent perception of a sound such as ringing or 1 hissing in the absence of an external or internal source of noise. Approximately 10-15% of the 2 population in industrial countries experience this phantom sound [Langguth et al., 2013; Erlands-3 son and Dauman, 2013; Heller, 2003; Hall et al., 2011]. Causes for the development of tinnitus are 4 divergent and not completely understood, though most commonly tinnitus occurs towards cochlear 5 damages due to noise trauma [Langguth et al., 2013]. In the majority of cases, the perceived tin-6 nitus pitch is in accordance with the frequency spectrum of hearing loss (HL) [Basile et al., 2013; 7 Roberts et al., 2008]. As a consequence of decreased or absent auditory input and the subsequent 8 deficiency of neural input, maladaptive pathological changes in the auditory pathway are formed, 9 which lead to the perception of a "phantom sound" defined as tinnitus [Eggermont, 2007; Egger-10 mont and Tass, 2015; Eggermont and Roberts, 2012]. Neurophysiological investigations were able 11 to demonstrate hyperactivity in auditory brain areas [Farhadi et al., 2010; Folmer, 2007] as well as 12 aberrant oscillatory brain...

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Graph theoretical analysis of brain connectivity in phantom sound perception

Cited by 42 publications

References 90 publications

Analysis of brain connectivity during nitrous oxide sedation using graph theory

Analysis of brain connectivity during nitrous oxide sedation using graph theory

Functional connectivity and structural analysis of trial spinal cord stimulation responders in failed back surgery syndrome

aMpLiTuDe MoDuLaTeD noise for tinnitus suppression in tonal and noise-like tinnitus

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