Abstract:Titanium implants have been widely used in bone tissue engineering for decades. However, orthopedic implant-associated infections increase the risk of implant failure and even lead to amputation in severe cases. Although TiO2 has photocatalytic activity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), the recombination of generated electrons and holes limits its antibacterial ability. Here, we describe a graphdiyne (GDY) composite TiO2 nanofiber that combats implant infections through enhanced photocatalysis and prol… Show more
“…Besides noble metal cocatalysts, there appeared inexpensive, noble metal‐free cocatalysts coupled with TiO 2 NFs, such as MoS 2 , [ 72–75 ] carbon, [ 76,77 ] graphene, [ 78–82 ] graphdiyne, [ 83,84 ] NiO, [ 85 ] and CuO. [ 86 ] These cocatalysts, functioned like noble metals, are capable of trapping photoinduced electrons from electrospun TiO 2 NFs.…”
Solar‐driven semiconductor photocatalysis shows great potential to solve growing energy and environmental crises. Electrospun TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) attract attention due to their chemical stability, nontoxicity, cheapness, large specific surface area, and porous structures. The unique unwoven nanofibrous network facilitates mass transportation compared with bulk materials. Electrospun TiO2 NFs are an ideal substrate for growing secondary nanostructures and constructing heterojunction photocatalysts. The hybrid heterojunctions show enhanced electron–hole separation, improved light absorption, effective activation of reactants, and therefore increased photocatalytic performance. Herein, the electrospinning principle and preparing tactics of electrospun TiO2 fibrous nanostructures including solid, hollow, and core/shell NFs are first described. The construction strategies of electrospun TiO2‐based heterojunctions by loading electron or hole cocatalysts and hybridizing secondary semiconductors to engineer catalytic active sites and steer charge carrier separation are outlined. Dopant‐induced increased light absorption and enhanced charge transfer of TiO2 NFs are discussed. Further, the applications of electrospun TiO2‐based photocatalysts for solar‐to‐chemical conversion and environmental remediation are elucidated. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the development of electrospun TiO2‐based photocatalysts are underlined, which deepen a systematic understanding of the design and fabrication of more efficient electrospun NFs in the future.
“…Besides noble metal cocatalysts, there appeared inexpensive, noble metal‐free cocatalysts coupled with TiO 2 NFs, such as MoS 2 , [ 72–75 ] carbon, [ 76,77 ] graphene, [ 78–82 ] graphdiyne, [ 83,84 ] NiO, [ 85 ] and CuO. [ 86 ] These cocatalysts, functioned like noble metals, are capable of trapping photoinduced electrons from electrospun TiO 2 NFs.…”
Solar‐driven semiconductor photocatalysis shows great potential to solve growing energy and environmental crises. Electrospun TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) attract attention due to their chemical stability, nontoxicity, cheapness, large specific surface area, and porous structures. The unique unwoven nanofibrous network facilitates mass transportation compared with bulk materials. Electrospun TiO2 NFs are an ideal substrate for growing secondary nanostructures and constructing heterojunction photocatalysts. The hybrid heterojunctions show enhanced electron–hole separation, improved light absorption, effective activation of reactants, and therefore increased photocatalytic performance. Herein, the electrospinning principle and preparing tactics of electrospun TiO2 fibrous nanostructures including solid, hollow, and core/shell NFs are first described. The construction strategies of electrospun TiO2‐based heterojunctions by loading electron or hole cocatalysts and hybridizing secondary semiconductors to engineer catalytic active sites and steer charge carrier separation are outlined. Dopant‐induced increased light absorption and enhanced charge transfer of TiO2 NFs are discussed. Further, the applications of electrospun TiO2‐based photocatalysts for solar‐to‐chemical conversion and environmental remediation are elucidated. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the development of electrospun TiO2‐based photocatalysts are underlined, which deepen a systematic understanding of the design and fabrication of more efficient electrospun NFs in the future.
“…Moreover, the biofilm formed on the superhydrophobic Ti disc was more susceptible to the antimicrobial agent chlorhexidine (0.5 %) for 3 h. Total DNA levels of the 40 species on bare and superhydrophobic Ti discs were 130.4 ± 20.3 and 97 ± 68.7, respectively. Particularly, the level of Campylobacter gracilis pathogen (related to peri-implantitis and peri-implant bone loss in human) in the bare Ti disc was ∼7-fold higher than the superhydrophobic Ti disc [115] . Figure 9 Invitro antimicrobial activity of control and superhydrophobic Ti discs: (A) polymicrobial adhesion for 2 h, (b) fungal adhesion for 2 h, (c) S. mutans adhesion for 4 h, (D) SEM and the CLSM images of the biofilm, (E) average total biovolume of biofilms for 24 h, (F) average colony-forming units of polymicrobial biofilm for 24 h, and (G) average colony-forming units of biofilm for 24 h and exposed to chlorhexidine (0.5 %) for 3 h [112] .…”
“…In recent decades, conventional UV light‐activated semiconductors such as TiO 2 and ZnO have been extensively studied owing to their ability to initiate photocatalysis reactions by exciting photoinduced charge carriers with high redox potentials. [ 7,8 ] TiO 2 ‐based semiconductors with a large bandgap of 3.2 eV can be excited only by UV light, which accounts for just 5% of the entire solar spectrum. However, the wide bandgap of conventional semiconductors has become an inherent limitation for their efficient use of solar photon energy.…”
Broadening the absorption of light to the near‐infrared (NIR) region is important in photocatalysis to achieve efficient solar‐to‐fuel conversion. NIR‐responsive photocatalysts that can utilize diffusive solar energy are attractive for alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Over the past few years, considerable progress on the component and structural design of NIR‐responsive photocatalysts have been reported. This study aims to systematically summarize recent progress toward the material design and mechanism optimization of NIR‐responsive photocatalysts in this area. Depending on the main strategies for harvesting NIR photons, NIR‐responsive photocatalysts can be categorized as direct NIR‐light photocatalysts, indirect NIR‐light photocatalysts, and photothermal photocatalysts. Furthermore, the construction and application of different NIR‐responsive photocatalytic systems are summarized. Conclusions and perspectives are presented to further explore the potential of NIR‐responsive photocatalysts in this field.
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