Graphene Based Electrochemical Sensor and Its Application for Detection and Quantification of Antifibrinolytic Drug Tranexamic Acid

Abstract

A very sensitive electrochemical sensor has been developed by modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with graphene (GRP) and bismuth (III) oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles. The electrochemical behavior of Tranexamic acid was studied at GRP/GCE and Bi 2 O 3 /GCE using cyclic and square-wave voltammetric techniques. A well defined oxidation peak was observed in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffered solution. GRP/GCE and Bi 2 O 3 /GCE showed higher current response as compared to bare GCE. Electrochemical impedance spectra showed reduction of charge transfer resistance and higher electrocatalytic behavior of the sensors. The morphological characteristics of GRP and Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). GRP/GCE showed a linear response for Tranexamic acid over the concentration range of 40-400 μg/mL with the detection limit 16.57 μg/mL. Variation of scan rate revealed that the electrode process is diffusion controlled. Moreover electrode dynamics parameters were calculated and a possible reaction mechanism has been deduced. This method was employed for quantification of Tranexamic acid in different pharmaceutical formulations.

An Organ-Like Titanium Carbide Material (MXene) with Multilayer Structure Encapsulating Hemoglobin for a Mediator-Free Biosensor

“…1 Therefore, to employ nanomaterials is an efficient way to facilitate the direct electron transfer and retain the bioactivity of immobilized enzymes. 1,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] And among them, two-dimensional layered nanomaterials such as graphene [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and MoS 2 , [27][28][29] have attracted extensive attention to being used for immobilization of biomolecules onto electrode surface due to large specific surface areas, excellent electronic transport properties, and good biocompatibility.…”

An integrative analytical approach designed for feasible tranexamic acid assay using o‐phthalaldehyde as a fluorogenic probe: applications to tablets, ampoules, and urine

“…To measure the fluorescence intensity of the isoindole product at various pH solutions, borate buffer was used (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Production of isoindole started when the pH was alkaline, and its potency peaked at pH 10.…”

“…A review of the published literature found several methods for assessing TRX-recommended formulations or TRX-containing biofluids. The reported methods include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay in tablets, urine, plasma, and ampoules [3][4][5][6][7]; electrochemical detection [8,9]; capillary electrophresis [10,11]; spectrophotometry [12][13][14][15][16]; and spectrofluorimetry using fluorogenic probes such as acetyl acetone [17], naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde [18], fluorescamine [19], 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) [20],…”

Electrocatalytic quantification of antiviral drug valacyclovir

“…The functionalized nanomaterials are used as catalytic tools, immobilization platforms or as optical electroactive labels to improve the bio-sensing performance exhibiting higher sensitivity, stability and selectivity. Nanomaterials, such as graphene, metal oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposite materials, are playing an increasing role in the sensitive and selective analysis of pharmaceuticals [2][3][4][5]. The fabrication of chemically modified electrode (CME) has been widely reported to improve sensitivity and selectivity in determining many amino acids, vitamins, drugs, DNA, antiviral drugs and many more in recent years [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”