“…7 Accordingly, diverse material systems, such as biochar, zeolites, polymers and their composites, MXenes, and biodegradable polymers, including silk, starch, cellulose, and tannins, have been utilized to effectively treat discharge. 9–21 However, although these materials have been extensively explored for effluent treatment, there is still a lack of combinatory approaches to enhance their properties and biodegradability. Moreover, the removal of these materials after their shelf-life is also one of the foremost challenges in the present environment-sensitive period.…”