Graphene–Cellulose Paper Flexible Supercapacitors

Weng, Zhe; Su, Yang; Wang, Da‐Wei; Li, Feng; Du, Jinhong; Cheng, Hui‐Ming

doi:10.1002/aenm.201100312

Cited by 877 publications

(587 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…19 Cellulose is non-conductive, and so has been combined with graphene materials as a dielectric material for capacitor devices. 20 In addition to this, the combination of graphene (and graphene oxide) and cellulose for composite materials has also been proposed. 21 Given that graphene is thought to have hydrophobic and cellulose amphiphilic properties, it seems apposite to study the effect of water on the interaction between these two materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics of Cellulose Amphiphilicity at the Graphene–Water Interface

2015

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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been applied to study the interactions between hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces of ordered cellulose chains and a single layer of graphene in explicit aqueous solvent. The hydrophobic cellulose face is predicted to form a stable complex with graphene. This interface remains solvent-excluded over the course of simulations; the cellulose chains contacting graphene in general preserve intra-and inter-chain hydrogen bonds and a tg orientation of hydroxymethyl groups. Greater flexibility is observed in the more solvent-exposed cellulose chains of the complex. By contrast, the hydrophilic face of cellulose exhibits progressive rearrangement over the course of MD simulations, as it seeks to present its hydrophobic face, with disrupted intra-and interchain hydrogen bonding; residue twisting to form CH- interactions with graphene; and partial permeation of water. This transition is also accompanied by a more favorable cellulose-graphene adhesion energy as predicted at the PM6-DH2 level of theory. The stability of the cellulose-graphene hydrophobic interface in water exemplifies the amphiphilicity of cellulose and provides insight into favored interactions within graphene-cellulose materials. Furthermore, partial permeation of water between exterior cellulose chains may indicate potential in addressing cellulose recalcitrance.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics of Cellulose Amphiphilicity at the Graphene–Water Interface

2015

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“…Developments in paper-based electronics include ring oscillators with organic electronics [1] , transistors [2][3][4] , methods for patterning conductive traces [5][6][7] , speakers [8] , super capacitors [9] , batteries [10] , MEMS [11] , and solar cells [12] . Each of these developments focuses on a single technological advance that would enable new types of consumer products.…”

Section: Submitted Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper‐Based, Capacitive Touch Pads

Mazzeo¹,

Kalb²,

Chan³

et al. 2012

Advanced Materials

197

169

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Table of Contents:Mazzeo et al. describe methods of patterning metallized paper to create touch pads of arrayed buttons that are sensitive to contact with both bare and gloved fingers. The paper-based keypad shown detects the change in capacitance associated with the touch of a finger to one of its buttons. Mounted to an alarmed cardboard box, the keypad requires the appropriate sequence of touches to disarm the system. Image for Table of Contents:Submitted to 2 This paper describes low-cost, thin, and pliable touch pads constructed from a commercially available, metallized paper commonly used as packaging material for beverages and book covers. The individual keys in the touch pads detect changes in capacitance or contact with fingers by using the effective capacitance of the human body and the electrical impedance across the tip of a finger. To create the individual keys, a laser cutter ablates lines through the film of evaporated aluminum on the metallized paper to pattern distinct, conductive regions. This work includes the experimental characterization of two types of capacitive buttons and illustrates their use with applications in a keypad with 10 individually addressable keys, a keypad that conforms to a cube, and a keypad on an alarmed cardboard box. With their easily arrayed keys, environmentally benign material, and low cost, the touch pads have the potential to contribute to future developments in disposable, flexible electronics, active, "smart" packaging, user interfaces for biomedical instrumentation, biomedical devices for the developing world, applications for monitoring animal and plant health, food and water quality, and disposable games (e.g., providers of content for consumer products).There is no simple method of integrating buttons with structures on single-use or throwaway devices. Current commercial buttons are not thin enough, inexpensive enough, or easy enough to array seamlessly with paper-based products for disposable applications. The touch pads in this work are thin (~60 µm in some cases), simple to array, fabricated by etching patterns into metallized paper, low-cost (< $0.25 m -2 for the thin grade of metallized paper we use in this work), and lightweight (100s of g m -2 ). The individual keys measure changes in capacitance when touched by a user, and the buttons require no physical displacement of conductive elements. Even though the individual keys on the touch pads detect changes in capacitance, the paper-based keypads are still functional when touched by fingers in nitrile gloves. Submitted to 3Developments in paper-based electronics include ring oscillators with organic electronics [1] , transistors [2][3][4] , methods for patterning conductive traces [5][6][7] , speakers [8] , super capacitors [9] , batteries [10] , MEMS [11] , and solar cells [12] . Each of these developments focuses on a single technological advance that would enable new types of consumer products. Many types of new consumer products will require some form of user interface or input. In order to gather ke...

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“…It exhibits an areal specific capacitance of ≈220 mF cm −2 at 1.0 mA cm −2 (equivalent to a gravimetric specific capacitance of 176 F g −1 based on a single HPG electrode, at 0.2 A g −1 ), which is higher than, or comparable to, other reported flexible devices. [49,57,58] It also exhibits an areal specific capacitance of 149 mF cm −2 at a high current density of 50 mA cm −2 ( Figure S18, Supporting Information), maintaining 68% of its initial value measured at 1 mA cm −2 . Such a rate capability in the solid-state gel is comparable to an aqueous electrolyte (67%), and can be attributed to the existence of relatively large pores in the HPG samples for effective infiltration of the PVA/KOH gel into electrodes.…”

Section: Figure 1amentioning

confidence: 92%

Design of 3D Graphene‐Oxide Spheres and Their Derived Hierarchical Porous Structures for High Performance Supercapacitors

Gadipelli

Yang

et al. 2017

Small

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Graphene‐oxide (GO) based porous structures are highly desirable for supercapacitors, as the charge storage and transfer can be enhanced by advancement in the synthesis. An effective route is presented of, first, synthesis of three‐dimensional (3D) assembly of GO sheets in a spherical architecture (GOS) by flash‐freezing of GO dispersion, and then development of hierarchical porous graphene (HPG) networks by facile thermal‐shock reduction of GOS. This leads to a superior gravimetric specific capacitance of ≈306 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1, with a capacitance retention of 93% after 10 000 cycles. The values represent a significant capacitance enhancement by 30–50% compared with the GO powder equivalent, and are among the highest reported for GO‐based structures from different chemical reduction routes. Furthermore, a solid‐state flexible supercapacitor is fabricated by constructing the HPG with polymer gel electrolyte, exhibiting an excellent areal specific capacitance of ≈220 mF cm−2 at 1.0 mA cm−2 with exceptional cyclic stability. The work reveals a facile but efficient synthesis approach of GO‐based materials to enhance the capacitive energy storage.

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Graphene–Cellulose Paper Flexible Supercapacitors

Cited by 877 publications

References 43 publications

Molecular Dynamics of Cellulose Amphiphilicity at the Graphene–Water Interface

Molecular Dynamics of Cellulose Amphiphilicity at the Graphene–Water Interface

Paper‐Based, Capacitive Touch Pads

Design of 3D Graphene‐Oxide Spheres and Their Derived Hierarchical Porous Structures for High Performance Supercapacitors

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