Graphene folds by femtosecond laser ablation

Yoo, Jae‐Hyuck; In, Jung Bin; Park, Jong Bok; Jeon, Hojeong; Grigoropoulos, Costas P.

doi:10.1063/1.4724213

Cited by 66 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The slightly elevated increase of the defect D-band in (B) and (C) (and the broader G-band in (C)) indicates higher disorder in the lattice structure that originates both from edge effects 19,21 and folding in accordance with observations by other groups. 13,15 In Fig. 2(e), we plot the Raman spectra peak intensities [19][20][21] (respectively, D, G, and 2D-bands as highlighted in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…11,12 Previous studies of ultrafast laser ablation of graphene have shown that pristine and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene have well defined ablation thresholds over which clean ablation is performed with no residues whereas, below this threshold, defects are formed and serve as initiating centers for ablation by consecutive pulses. [13][14][15] Using this cumulative effect, a range of structures including micro-and nano-ribbons and nanodots have been processed in graphene using femtosecond lasers in the kHz and MHz regimes. 12,16 Although the threshold effect in the single shot regime can be used to generate nanostructures of dimension well below the laser wavelength, the precise positioning of the sample with respect to the laser beam waist is an extremely severe constraint.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Femtosecond laser fabrication of micro and nano-disks in single layer graphene using vortex Bessel beams

Wetzel

Xie

Lacourt

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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International audienceWe report the fabrication of micro and nano-disks in single layer chemical vapor deposition graphene on glass substrate using femtosecond laser ablation with vortex Bessel beams. The fabricated graphene disks with diameters ranging from 650 nm to 4 μm were characterized by spatially resolved micro-Raman spectroscopy. The variation of ablation threshold was investigated as a function of the number of pulses showing an incubation effect. A very high degree of size control of the fabricated graphene disks is enabled using a sequence of femtosecond pulses with different vortex orders

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser fabrication of micro and nano-disks in single layer graphene using vortex Bessel beams

Wetzel

Xie

Lacourt

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Micron-scale holes are observed, with the boundary showing curled/folded edges as reported previously. 25 Also shown are the electron diffraction patterns used to determine the crystallographic orientation of the graphene. We label zigzag edges with orange lines and armchair edges with magenta lines.…”

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confidence: 99%

Folded graphene nanochannels via pulsed patterning of graphene

Silvestre

Barnard

Roberts

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We present a resist-free patterning technique to form electrically contacted graphene nanochannels via localized burning by a pulsed white light source. The technique uses end-point detection to stop the burning process at a fixed resistance to produce channels with resistances of 10 kX to 100 kX. Folding of the graphene sheet takes place during patterning, which provides very straight edges as identified by AFM and SEM. Electrical transport measurements for the nanochannels show a non-linear behavior of the current vs source-drain voltage as the resistance goes above 20 kX indicating conduction tunneling effects. Electrochemical gating was performed to further electrically characterize the constrictions produced. The method described can be interesting not only for fundamental studies correlating edge folded structures with electrical transport but also as a promising path for fabricating graphene devices in situ. Additionally, this method might also be extended to create nanochannels in other 2D materials. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.Since the isolation of graphene in 2004 1 by micromechanical exfoliation of graphite, its electronic, mechanical, and structural properties have been studied extensively. [2][3][4][5][6] With the advent of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques, large-area single layer graphene (SLG) became available, 7-9 making possible top-down device architectures where the graphene is patterned into desired shapes. Patterning graphene into nanochannels is a pathway to high performance electronics 10,11 and is also interesting for biosensing applications such as DNA sequencing. 12 One challenge is controlling the properties of the edges of these structures, which can lead to strong disorder. On the other hand, the production of folded edges has been predicted as an alternate way to modify graphene electronic structure and enhance its mechanical properties. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Recently, the ablation of graphene by ultra-short laser pulses has been demonstrated, and this technique often generates folded graphene edges; 21-25 however, so far the previous works have been focused on either the patterning of graphene into microribbons or on the understanding of the ablation process itself. Differently, here, we used this approach to achieve folded graphene nanochannels down to 30 nm in width with controllable resistance ranging from 10 kX to 100 kX. A focused pulsed laser is scanned along the graphene to define a cut while simultaneously employing end-point detection to turn off the laser when a desired resistance is reached. Additionally, we also have performed a detailed structural analysis (by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and TEM) of the morphology of the folded structures produced, as well as nonlinear electrical measurements and electrolyte gating to further characterized the nanochannels.We start by describing the sample preparation. Graphene is grown on Cu foils inside a CVD chamber at 1000 C and low pressure of H 2 /CH 4 (P total ¼ 0.12 To...

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“…To exploit these properties of graphene in the miniaturized devices, controlled patterning of graphene films is essential as the performance of the devices highly depends on the quality of the produced patterns. Laser patterning is an attractive technique to do so and the laser parameters can be easily adjusted to obtain high quality patterns …”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating Single Layer Graphene Micropatterns Induced by Ti:Sa Laser Irradiation

Mortazavi

Mollabashi

Barri

et al. 2018

Phys. Status Solidi A

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Due to the unique optical and electrical properties of graphene and its potential application in microelectronics and spintronics, precise micropatterning graphene on substrates has found significant attention for optimal performance of many these applications. This study investigates the process of patterning single layer graphene on a SiO2/Si substrate using Ti:Sa laser irradiation. A variety of laser fluences are employed for the removal of graphene from the substrate surface as the film is scanned at different speeds and required laser fluences for the removal of graphene are determined at these speeds. This is performed because pulse overlapping is an effective parameter for successful removal of graphene from substrates, which results in different ablation thresholds for each laser scanning speed. Changes of produced channels widths are also investigated as a function of total laser fluences. Study of Raman spectra of patterned graphene film is performed by Raman microspectroscopy to evaluate the quality of laser produced micropatterns. It includes the investigations of intensity changes of defect D and D′ bands on graphene edge. Optical contrasts are also calculated for both graphene and graphene edge and the results are compared.

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Graphene folds by femtosecond laser ablation

Cited by 66 publications

References 18 publications

Femtosecond laser fabrication of micro and nano-disks in single layer graphene using vortex Bessel beams

Femtosecond laser fabrication of micro and nano-disks in single layer graphene using vortex Bessel beams

Folded graphene nanochannels via pulsed patterning of graphene

Evaluating Single Layer Graphene Micropatterns Induced by Ti:Sa Laser Irradiation

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