Graphene prepared by gamma irradiation for corrosion protection of stainless steel 316 in chloride containing electrolytes

Abstract

In this work we demonstrated the effective use of gamma irradiation for useful chemical conversion. Thus, graphene oxide was reduced to graphene upon exposure to gamma irradiation. The resulting gamma irradiated graphene (GIG) and graphene-covered steel were characterized using UV-Vis, XRD spectroscopies and FE-SEM. Corrosion protection of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 by GIG and gamma irradiated graphene/chitosan (GIG/CS) composite films in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The protection efficiencies for GIG and GIG/CS were 82.2% and 89%, respectively. GIG/CS films over steel showed higher corrosion activation energies compared to GIG. EIS proved the stability of GIG and GIG/CS coatings after different immersion times in 3.5% NaCl solution. Coated surfaces were free from pits on the scale of magnification as demonstrated from SEM images. The pitting corrosion behavior of uncoated and GIG-coated surfaces was also studied.

Antimicrobial ZnO Nanoparticle–Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol/Pluronic Blends as Active Food Packaging Films

“…The first one is improved packaging, as the uniform dispersion of nanofillers into a polymer matrix result in a high matrix/filler interfacial area, which confines the mechanical mobility of the matrix, and improves its mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. [ 8,9 ] The second mechanism is active packaging, as the nanofillers directly interact with the packed food or its environment and offer enhanced food protection. In this regard, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructured materials have found various applications in everyday life such as in drug delivery, cosmetics, and medical devices due to their strong antimicrobial effects on a board range of microorganisms.…”

“…Furthermore, the irradiation‐induced reduction does not involve catalyst precursors or reducing agents which offers a production process without any chemical requirements or waste streams. [ 9,20 ] Combining gamma irradiation with polymer pyrolysis provides a simple, reproducible, inexpensive, nonvacuum, and low energy consuming process for preparing ZnO nanoparticles. Earlier studies [ 21,22 ] have investigated the optimization of conditions of ZnO preparation via polymer pyrolysis route, thus, the composition of zinc acetate and acrylic acid has been previously reported.…”

Layer Control of Tubular Graphene for Corrosion Inhibition of Nickel Wires

“…As revealed in Table , the PE values increased with increase of thickness of the TGs in aforementioned solutions. The highest PE values obtained were approximately 76–80% from the GNi–1/16 sample in HCl, which are comparable to that of the graphene-covered steel as reported …”

“…The highest PE values obtained were approximately 76−80% from the GNi−1/16 sample in HCl, which are comparable to that of the graphene-covered steel as reported. 11 To investigate the stability of graphene coating, SEM images of the Ni and GNi−1/50 before and after the corrosion test in HCl solution were obtained and are displayed in Figure S6a and b, respectively. The morphology of the bare Ni was clearly corroded and became rough after the corrosion test, while the morphology of the GNi−1/50 remained unchanged.…”

“…However, thermal and electrical conductivities of metal are unfortunately decreased after the coating; the physical properties, such as appearance, and optical property, are changed due to the thickness of the coating. To overcome these drawbacks, graphene is applied as corrosive protecting layers on various metal substrates through the incorporation with paints − or wet-transferred graphene films on Cu and Ni foils. , Because of its remarkably chemical inertness, ultrathin nanostructures, and stability up to 400 °C in an ambient atmosphere, graphene demonstrates excellent performance for anticorrosion and antioxidation in marine or saline environment. − Indeed, graphene coated metal foils exhibit a corrosion rate that is several-times slower compared with their corresponding bare counterparts. The graphene surface acts as an ultrathin impermeable barrier, thus physically preventing direct interaction between the protected metal and reactants.…”