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A mucoadhesive drug delivery system can improve the effectiveness of a drug, allowing targeting and localization at a specific site. According to this assumption, γ-irradiation as eco-friendly technique was employed to synthesize (acrylic acid/polyethylene glycol) copolymer hydrogel of different compositions. Silver nanoparticles were prepared within (acrylic acid/polyethylene glycol) hydrogel network by means of in situ reduction of silver nitrate using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. Swelling characteristics in distilled water and simulated saliva solution were studied as a function of copolymer composition and preparation irradiation dose. (Acrylic acid/ polyethylene glycol) hydrogels and their developed Agº nanocomposites have been characterized using scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Mucoadhesive strength as well as self-disinfection efficiency expressed as antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains was evaluated. Propranolol HCl as model drug was used to evaluate the potential efficiency of the obtained (acrylic acid/polyethylene glycol)-Agº nanocomposites as mucoadhesive drug carrier. The obtained results showed that the (acrylic acid/polyethylene glycol)-Agº nanocomposites

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This research aimed to use a low-cost, environmentally friendly adsorbent to eliminate the cationic dye Astrazon red 6B (AR) from an aqueous system. For this rationale, a nanocomposite hydrogel made of (Gum Acacia/Acrylamide)-calcinated Eggshell/Graphene oxide (GA/AAm)-ES/GO was created using Gamma radiation-induced copolymerization and cross-linking. FT-IR, XRD, EDX mapping, SEM, TGA and TEM were used to investigate the structures and properties. The nanocomposites exhibited superior adsorption behavior towards AR. Because of the dual effect of ES and GO, mixing ES with GO in (GA/AAm)-ES/GO nanocomposite hydrogel improved its adsorption capability. It was obtained that the optimum initial pH was 9 and the equilibrium contact time was 480 min. The removal percentage was enhanced by increasing the initial dye concentration. A little removal effectiveness was observed by increasing the adsorbent weight from 5.0 to 10.0 g for each liter of the dye solution. The Langmuir isotherm was found to be more suitable for analyzing the adsorption isotherm the maximal monolayer dye adsorption capacity (qmax) was 313.3 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics fitted the data well, and the rate constant was predicted to be (0.108 10–3) g mg−1 min−1. ∆H° values are negative at all investigated initial concentrations for (GA/AAm)-ES and (GA/AAm)-ES/GO. The values of ∆S° are negative for (GA/AAm)-ES/GO, while values for (GA/AAm) and (GA/AAm)-ES are positive. ∆G° are negative values for all systems that refer to the spontaneity of the adsorption process. High efficiency was observed for (GA/AAm)-ES/GO up to three rounds of reuse, while a drop in efficiency of the fourth round to 58.78%. Graphical Abstract