Graphene quantum dots: A comprehensive overview

Abstract

Because of their prospective applications and exceptional features, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have gotten a lot of recognition as a new class of fluorescent carbon materials. One of the carbon family’s newest superstars is the GQD. Due to its exceptional optoelectrical qualities, it has sparked a lot of curiosity since its debut in 2008. Two of the most important traits are a band gap that is not zero, biocompatibility, and highly changeable characteristics. GQDs have several important characteristics. GQDs have shown potential in a variety of fields, for instance, catalysis, sensing, energy devices, drug delivery, bioimaging, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy. Because this area constantly evolves, it is vital to recognize emerging GQD concerns in the current breakthroughs, primarily since some specific uses and developments in the case of GQDs synthesis have not been thoroughly investigated through previous studies. The current results in the properties, synthesis, as well as benefits of GQDs are discussed in this review study. As per the findings of this research, the GQD’s future investigation is boundless, mainly if the approaching investigation focuses on purifying simplicity and environmentally friendly synthesis, as well as boosting photoluminescence quantum output and manufacturing output of GQDs.

Lanthanum(III)hydroxide Nanoparticles and Polyethyleneimine-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dot Nanocomposites in Photosensitive Silicon Heterojunctions

“…The Schottky barrier diode (SBD) is formed by the junction of a metal with a semiconductor and is very useful in various applications like rectifiers, filters, and integrated circuits. − The SBD can include a native thin interface between the metal and the semiconductor that converts the MS structure into a metal–interlayer–semiconductor (MIS) structure. − The performance, stability, and reliability of the SBD are significantly influenced by this interlayer, which is crucial for the regulation of electrical parameters. − Lately, there has been an increasing interest in SBD that includes a carbon nanostructured layer inserted between a metal and semiconductor. Carbon-based nanostructures, in particular graphene quantum dots ( GQDs ), have had a profound impact on several fields including optoelectronic devices, biosensors, and energy conversion systems , GQDs are functionalized in various ways to extend their application in various fields .…”

“… 9 − 12 Lately, there has been an increasing interest in SBD that includes a carbon nanostructured layer inserted between a metal and semiconductor. Carbon-based nanostructures, 13 in particular graphene quantum dots ( GQDs ), 14 have had a profound impact on several fields including optoelectronic devices, biosensors, and energy conversion systems. 15 GQDs exhibit remarkable properties, including fluorescence properties, biocompatibility, versatility in synthesis from various organic precursors, low toxicity, abundant functional groups, tunable emission wavelength, photostability, effortless surface modification, and chemical inertness.…”

Effect of Gadolinium on Electrical Properties of Polyethyleneimine Functionalized and Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dot Nanocomposite Based Diode

“…Because of their tunable bandgap, high absorption, and high carrier mobility, carbon allotropes such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, fullerenes, and GQDs are of particular interest in photodetection. [ 1–3 ] GQDs, one of the carbon allotropes, are quasi‐zero‐dimensional carbon‐based materials with excellent physical properties such as remarkable photostability, [ 4 ] high fluorescence quantum yield, [ 5,6 ] low cytotoxicity, [ 7 ] good biocompatibility, [ 8,9 ] and excellent water solubility. [ 10 ] These properties make them attractive candidates for optoelectronic applications and biological imaging, [ 11,12 ] solar cells, [ 13 ] light‐emitting devices (LEDs), [ 14 ] and deep ultraviolet (UV) photodetection.…”

Graphene quantum dots: synthesis, characterization, and application in wastewater treatment: a review

“…GQDs have remarkable quantum properties, which is why they have been studied in biological imaging, lightemitting diodes, photoelectrocatalysis, drug carrier sensors, and pollutant absorption. [13][14][15][16][17] One of the most attractive features of GQDs is their abundance as carbon materials, which can be equipped with functional groups at their edges. This feature makes them more desirable than mineral QDs.…”