A new organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite Zn-Al-MCPA-layered double hydroxide (ZAM) was prepared by intercalation of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) into Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide (ZAL) at various concentration of MCPA ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 M. The pH of the synthesis was kept constant at 7.5. Well-ordered hybrid nanocomposite was obtained with 0.4 M MCPA with an expansion of basal spacing from 8.9 Å in the ZAL to 19.7 Å in the resulting nanocomposite. The FTIR spectra of the nanocomposite show resemblance peaks of the MCPA and Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide indicating the inclusion of MCPA into the layered double hydroxide. The average particle size of ZAL and ZAM in this study was 115 and 128 nm, respectively. Percentage loading of MCPA was found to be 45.0 % (w/w), calculated based on the percentage of carbon in the sample. The release of MCPA into various aqueous solution was found to be dependent to the anion in the aqueous solution in the order of phosphate > sulfate > chloride with the percentage release of 80, 44, and 8 %, respectively. This study shows that Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide can be used as a host carrier for herbicide, MCPA, with controlled release capability.

Because of their prospective applications and exceptional features, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have gotten a lot of recognition as a new class of fluorescent carbon materials. One of the carbon family’s newest superstars is the GQD. Due to its exceptional optoelectrical qualities, it has sparked a lot of curiosity since its debut in 2008. Two of the most important traits are a band gap that is not zero, biocompatibility, and highly changeable characteristics. GQDs have several important characteristics. GQDs have shown potential in a variety of fields, for instance, catalysis, sensing, energy devices, drug delivery, bioimaging, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy. Because this area constantly evolves, it is vital to recognize emerging GQD concerns in the current breakthroughs, primarily since some specific uses and developments in the case of GQDs synthesis have not been thoroughly investigated through previous studies. The current results in the properties, synthesis, as well as benefits of GQDs are discussed in this review study. As per the findings of this research, the GQD’s future investigation is boundless, mainly if the approaching investigation focuses on purifying simplicity and environmentally friendly synthesis, as well as boosting photoluminescence quantum output and manufacturing output of GQDs.

A new monophasic nanohybrid containing two herbicides anions, 3,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (3,4D) and 2-methyldichlorophenoxyacetate (MCPA), was successfully synthesized. The two anions were simultaneously intercalated into the inorganic interlayers of zinc-aluminiumlayered double hydroxide (ZAL) for the formation of a nanohybrid, ZAL-MCPA-3,4D (ZAMDX) by anion exchange method. The properties of ZAL intercalated with single guest MCPA and 3,4D, as well as dual-guest nanocomposite were monitored using powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), and showed a basal spacing of 19.7, 19.0 and 19.2 Å, respectively. Direct-injection mass spectroscopy (DIMS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed the dual intercalation of both anions into the interlayer regions of dual-guest nanocomposite. The release of MCPA and 3,4D from ZAMDX fitted a pseudo-second order model and possessed good controlled release properties. This release property exhibits the potential application of layered materials as a delivery system, as well as reservoirs, especially when multiple active agents are used simultaneously in the formation of an organic-inorganic hostguest nanohybrid.

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