Graphene Synthesis: Method, Exfoliation Mechanism and Large-Scale Production

Abstract

Graphene is a unique attractive material owing to its characteristic structure and excellent properties. To improve the preparation efficiency of graphene, reduce defects and costs, and meet the growing market demand, it is crucial to explore the improved and innovative production methods and process for graphene. This review summarizes recent advanced graphene synthesis methods including “bottom-up” and “top-down” processes, and their influence on the structure, cost, and preparation efficiency of graphene, as well as its peeling mechanism. The viability and practicality of preparing graphene using polymers peeling flake graphite or graphite filling polymer was discussed. Based on the comparative study, it is potential to mass produce graphene with large size and high quality using the viscoelasticity of polymers and their affinity to the graphite surface.

A novel versatile method for graphite exfoliation and graphene production using magnetic water: preparation, characterization, and simulation studies

“…The graphene obtained using the operating conditions mentioned was characterized through XRD spectroscopy [49]. The graphite and graphene dispersions were deposited individually onto glass slides and then dried under vacuum ( ) at room temperature.…”

Recent advances in energy storage with graphene oxide for supercapacitor technology

“…In this technique, successive layers of graphene are peeled off from a graphite crystal using adhesive tape, resulting in the isolation of single-layer graphene akes. [123][124][125][126][127] Liquid-phase exfoliation is another top-down approach used for GO synthesis. It involves dispersing graphite or graphite oxide in a liquid medium and applying external forces to induce exfoliation.…”

Superhydrophobic Graphene-Like Nanocarbon Film Formation on Arbitrary Surfaces through MgO Nanoparticle Catalysis: Advanced Coatings for Energy Storage and Nanocomposites

“…Graphene and graphene-like materials attract immense attention because of their unique characteristics. , Graphene has a single-atom-thick two-dimensional (2D) structure with a honeycomb crystal lattice of sp 2 -bonded carbon and exhibits high electron mobility, optical transparency, mechanical strength, chemical stability, and a large specific surface area. − Recently, superhydrophobic [water contact angle (WCA) > 150°] graphene was developed as a passive anti-icing coating, where the surface repels water droplets because of the low surface free energy arising from the presence of fluorine. In addition to this, graphene oxide has been used in cryopreservation because the unique structure of graphene oxide can suppress the continuous growth of ice lattices due to the Gibbs–Thomson effect .…”

“…In addition to this, graphene oxide has been used in cryopreservation because the unique structure of graphene oxide can suppress the continuous growth of ice lattices due to the Gibbs–Thomson effect . The high electrical conductivity, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, flexibility, and transparency of graphene are used in various different applications in renewable energy such as solar cells, energy storage, conductive inks, wearable electronics, flexible displays, photodetectors, photovoltaics, and flexible supercapacitors and transistors. ,,, Additionally, graphene has a vast variety of applications in anticorrosion coatings and paints, sensor materials, water filtration, and biomedicine because of its unique chemical and physical characteristics. ,, …”