“…Direct observation was conducted through exploring a real litter condition and current visual aid designs, taking photographs, and explaining the condition. Based on the direct observation, we then created a new alternative visual design based on socio-psychological persuasion (Burnham and Hare, 2007;Ojedokun and Balogun, 2010;Bateson et al, 2013;Eldesouky, 2013;Liu, 2018;Batista and Filho, 2019). Afterwards, we analyzed community responses regarding the alternatives suggested through the simple questionnaire: multiple-choice questions asking about alternatives for improvements.…”