Graphite Composite Electrode in Voltammetry

Šebková, S.; Navrátil, Tomáš; Kopanica, M.

doi:10.1080/00032710500210535

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Insulator phase is usually represented by polymeric (acrylic polymer [122,123], epoxy resin [124,125], polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [126,127], teflon [124,128], vinylacetate [124], polyester [124], polyethylene [124] [122,129,130], gold [131], etc.) or by other nonmetallic conducting material (e.g., graphite powder [132]). Some other components can be added into bulk of the electrode materials to achieve desired properties, e.g., cobalt phthalocyanine [133], Cu 2 O [126], Ni/Cu [134], hexacyanoferrate [135], manganese [135], methylene blue [136], [Ru (tpy)(bpy)Cl]PF 6 [137], or their mixtures [135].…”

Section: Solid Composite Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insulator phase should be prepared separately [122,149]. Both parts are mixed in desired ratio [122,148,149] (it depends on determined analyte and supporting electrolyte, e.g., graphite -epoxide electrodes contain from 20 to 60% [125], in Ag or Au composite electrodes the amount of metal is about 10 to 30% [132,148]). Content of bulk modifiers varies usually from tenths to tens per cents, e.g., graphite content in silver-methacrylate electrode is about 15% [146].…”

Section: Solid Composite Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This regeneration can take a few minutes. Nevertheless, this procedure can be performed automatically by proper controlling software of the apparatus used [125,132,148]. Analytical applications of solid composite electrode are wide-spread.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nontraditional Electrode Materials in Environmental Analysis of Biologically Active Organic Compounds

et al. 2007

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This review describes recent results regarding voltammetric and amperometric determination of submicromolar concentrations of various environmentally important biologically active organic substances using nontraditional types of electrodes either in batch analysis or in flow liquid systems (especially HPLC or FIA with electrochemical detection). Attention is paid to solid amalgam electrodes (environmentally friendly alternatives to mercury electrodes), to carbon paste electrodes with easily renewable surface, to boron doped diamond film electrodes with very low noise and broad potential window, and to inexpensive solid composite electrodes with high signal-to-noise ratio, compatibility with organic solvents and easy mechanical or electrochemical pretreatment. The review concentrates on our own results in the context of the general development in the filed.

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Section: Solid Composite Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solid Composite Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nontraditional Electrode Materials in Environmental Analysis of Biologically Active Organic Compounds

et al. 2007

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“…Desta maneira, pode-se observar que na última década o HMDE começou a ser substituído por outros materiais menos tóxicos, tais como eletrodos metálicos construídos a partir de metais nobres (platina, ouro, prata e diamante dopado com boro) e eletrodos quimicamente modificados [54][55][56][57] (com polímeros, aminoácidos, enzimas, nanopartícu-las metálicas, filmes de mercúrio, filmes de bismuto, dentre outros), como pode ser observado na Figura 5 e na Tabela 3.…”

Section: Ld = Limite De Detecção; Ref = Referência; Ic = Cromatografunclassified

Compostos Orgânicos E Inorgânicos Contendo Selênio: Revisão De Métodos Analíticos E Perspectivas Para Análises Químicas

et al. 2017

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publicado na web em 13/11/2017 ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING SELENIUM: ANALYTICAL METHODS REVIEW AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVES. This article critically reviews the spectrometric, chromatographic and electroanalytical methods applied for the identification and quantification of organic and inorganic compounds containing Se and their applications in food, biological and natural water samples. The main characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each analytical method are presented, and special attention is paid to sample preparation strategies prior to identification and quantification. Perspectives of research on new analytical procedures with improved speed, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and mainly environmentally friendly, are also reported.Keywords: selenium; analytical determination; spectrometry; chromatography; electroanalysis; speciation. CONSIDERAÇÕES GERAISA magnífica máquina humana necessita de diversos nutrientes, os quais são o combustível para a manutenção do seu perfeito funcionamento. Dependendo das quantidades necessárias, estes nutrientes são classificados como macronutrientes (carboidratos, proteínas, lipídios e fibras) e micronutrientes (vitaminas e minerais). Estes compostos apresentam funções específicas e, consequentemente, diferentes concentrações ideais para o desempenho de suas funções metabólicas. A ingestão diária de nutrientes dependerá da composição química da dieta alimentar. 1Dentre os principais micronutrientes destacam-se ferro, zinco, cobre, selênio, cromo, iodo, molibdênio, manganês, silício, níquel, boro, vanádio, flúor, arsênio, alumínio, lítio e estanho, seja em suas formas orgânicas ou inorgânicas. Estes compostos desempenham suas respectivas atividades metabólicas quando presentes em concentrações abaixo de microgramas por grama (µg g -1 ). Entretanto, acima destas concentrações podem apresentar toxicidade ao organismo humano. 1 Selênio, apresentado com a sigla Se, é um micronutriente essencial para a dieta humana, em função das suas propriedades antioxidantes, auxiliando no retardamento do envelhecimento, no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares e neoplasias, distrofia muscular, esclerose múltipla, osteoporose, reprodutividade, e desordem muscular.2,3 Alguns estudos indicam sua importância no metabolismo e funcionamento da tireóide e sua atuação no metabolismo dos ácidos graxos, juntamente com a vitamina E (α-tocoferol). 4,5 Assim, o Conselho Americano de Alimentação e Nutrição (Food and Nutrition Board, EUA), 6 recomenda a ingestão diária de 15 a 20 µg por dia, de 55 µg por dia e 70 µg por dia, para crianças, mulheres lactantes e outros adultos, respectivamente. Entretanto, o limite má-ximo de ingestão diário para uma pessoa adulta não deve ultrapassar 400 µg.A diferença entre a concentração essencial de Se, a deficiência ou a toxicidade é muito pequena. As concentrações ingeridas são fortemente dependentes do nível de concentração em alimentos e na quantidade de alimento ingerido.7 O consumo diário abaixo de 0,1 µg de Se por grama de aliment...

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“…In polarographic laboratories mercury vapor concentrations are usually much lower). For that reason, new types of nontraditional electrode materials are being investigated, e.g., electrodes based on solid amalgams of various metals [10 -12] or electrodes based on solid composite materials, which are composed from at least on conductor and at least one insulator phase [13] (e.g., silver composite [14,15], gold composite [16] or graphite composite [17] electrodes) as well as a graphite composite electrode described in this paper. As was reported earlier, it is possible to use these voltammetric electrodes for theoretical electrochemical studies (e.g., underpotential deposition (UPD) effect [18,19]) as well as for analytical purposes (e.g., silver composite [14, 20 -22], gold composite [16], and graphite composite [17] electrodes).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltammetric Determination of Phenylglyoxylic Acid in Urine Using Graphite Composite Electrode

et al. 2006

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A composite electrode prepared from graphite powder and epoxy resin was applied as a working electrode for the determination of phenylglyoxylic acid (one of the metabolites of styrene) in human urine. Cathodic differential pulse stripping voltammetry was used and optimum conditions have been found giving the limit of determination about 5 mg L À1 . All results were compared with those obtained using hanging mercury drop electrode. For the confirmation of suggested mechanism of the electrochemical reaction the elimination voltammetry with linear scan was used.

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Graphite Composite Electrode in Voltammetry

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Nontraditional Electrode Materials in Environmental Analysis of Biologically Active Organic Compounds

Nontraditional Electrode Materials in Environmental Analysis of Biologically Active Organic Compounds

Compostos Orgânicos E Inorgânicos Contendo Selênio: Revisão De Métodos Analíticos E Perspectivas Para Análises Químicas

Voltammetric Determination of Phenylglyoxylic Acid in Urine Using Graphite Composite Electrode

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