Graphite irradiated by swift heavy ions under grazing incidence

Liu, J; Trautmann, C.; Müller, Tanja R.; Neumann, R.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(02)00771-1

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In order to have a better understanding about the irradiation effects caused by neutrons in HOPG, SHI irradiation is used to simulate the radiation environment in a nuclear reactors. The tracks induced by SHI in HOPG have been systematically invistigated for many years [13,14]. Graphene, composed of a hexagonal two-dimensional network of carbon atoms [15,16], can be considered as the parental compound for the carbon allotropes of other dimensionalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of irradiation effects in graphite and graphene induced by swift heavy ions and highly charged ions

Zeng

Liu

Yao

et al. 2016

Carbon

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Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and monolayer graphene were irradiated by swift heavy ions (SHI, 479 MeV 86 Kr and 250 MeV 112 Sn) and highly charged ions (HCI, 4 MeV 86 Kr 19+). The irradiation effects caused by different types of irradiation were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the intensity ratio of D peak to G peak (I D /I G) in the case of HCI was higher than that of SHI for the same ion fluence in HOPG. The larger I D /I G indicates that synergistic effects of kinetic and potential energies of medium energy HCI has to be considered during the energy deposition process. A turning point was detected during the evolution process of I D /I G with fluence obtained from SHI and HCI impacted graphene, while such turning point was absent in the case of HOPG. The Lucchese's phenomenological model was modified and the experimental data of I D /I G vs. fluence for HOPG and graphene was completely following the modified model. According to this model, energetic ions induced both structurally disordered and activated regions in graphene. The competing mechanism of these two regions resulted in three different trends of the I D /I G variation in the case of graphene whereas in HOPG, such mechanism was not observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of irradiation effects in graphite and graphene induced by swift heavy ions and highly charged ions

Zeng

Liu

Yao

et al. 2016

Carbon

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“…In this paper we will consider the case of a lamellar crystal, graphite, which has been extensively studied but in which damage creation and latent track formation are poorly understood. Atomic force microscopy ͑AFM͒ and scanning tunneling microscopy ͑STM͒ studies 1-4 performed on graphite irradiated with GeV heavy monatomic ions have shown that ͑i͒ tracks are formed much easier on the sample surface than in the bulk, 2 ͑ii͒ the damage along the ion path is discontinuous even for the highest stopping powers, 1,4 and ͑iii͒ the hillocks on the sample surface always have very small diameters in the range from 2 to 3 nm. 1,2 All these results point to the existence of a few discontinuous tracks of a very small diameter and could explain why they are so difficult to image using transmission electron microscopy ͑TEM͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation of graphite into nanodiamond following extreme electronic excitations

et al. 2007

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Graphite targets have been irradiated at 90 K and 300 K with 850 MeV and 6 GeV lead ions and with 20–30 MeV fullerene cluster ions in a large range of fluences. Damage creation was studied both by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The very strong energy density deposited in electronic processes generates a highly excited region around the projectile path. The relaxation of the deposited energy via hydrodynamic expansion and shock-wave propagation leads to the formation of small defective graphitic domains and of nanocrystalline diamond particles

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“…The electronic and nuclear energy loss of the iodine ions is in the range of ðdE=dxÞ e % 6 keV/nm and ðdE=dxÞ e % 0:3 keV/nm as predicted by SRIM calculations [30]. Although the ðdE=dxÞ e is an order of magnitude higher than ðdE=dxÞ n , defect formation for graphite has to be ascribed to nuclear and not electronic stopping as reported by Liu et al [31]. Although HOPG benefits from a better Raman signal in pristine condition, graphene shows a higher sensitivity to irradiation.…”

Section: Sensitivity To Radiationmentioning

confidence: 51%