Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Sustainable Catalyst for Selective Ethanol Oxidation

Abstract

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is obtained via a simple procedure consisting of melamine heating in air without any templates and additional treatments. The prepared g-C 3 N 4 , being a metal-free material, demonstrates a promising catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of ethanol yielding acetaldehyde (conversion of ethanol up to 100%, yield of acetaldehyde up to 69%). In the investigated reaction conditions, a large content of C− NC species results in an enhanced selectivity toward acetaldehyde, while an increased content of tertiary nitrogen leads to the intensification of side product formation. Graphitic carbon nitride demonstrates high productivity for acetaldehyde and excellent stability without any deactivation.

Organocatalysis with carbon nitrides

“…Selective partial oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde was achieved in the gaseous phase using metal-free g-CNs. It was observed that the greater presence of -C-N=C- active sites favored selective aldehyde formation [ 116 ]. A structural transition of g-CN to nonstoichiometric carbon nitride during the reaction and the formation of newer tertiary nitrogen active site concentration leads to the formation of side products thus decreasing the selectivity of the desired product.…”

Metal@hollow carbon sphere nanoreactors for sustainable biomass and CO2valorization

“…Many highly functionalized compounds like aldehydes, alcohols and carboxylic acids could be obtained from catalytic oxidation reactions, 10 which are one of the significant chemical reactions for the valorization of biomass and the production of fine chemicals, fragrances and drugs. 193 N-doped carbon hollow nanospheres (CuO/N–C-HNSs) loaded with ultrafine CuO particles were constructed using SiO 2 as the hard template and histidine as the C and N precursor for the direct generation of furan-2,5-dimethylcarboxylate in the oxidative esterification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural 194 (Fig. 23a–g).…”

Confined Cascade Metabolic Reprogramming Nanoreactor for Targeted Alcohol Detoxification and Alcoholic Liver Injury Management

“…In addition, the ADH/ALDH cascade reaction consumes a substantial amount of energy metabolism cofactor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ), disrupting cellular energy homeostasis to result in cellular damage and senescence . What’s more, the spatially separated cytosolic ADH/mitochondrial ALDH metabolic system easily causes the diffusion of a toxic intermediate of aldehyde, inducing oxidative stress that causes structural and functional damage of the liver . Moreover, alcohol metabolism is affected and reduced by other types of dependence such as illicit drugs, junk food, and smoking, due to enzymatic interference and their pharmacokinetic interactions with alcohol occurring in the liver, exacerbating the progression of ALI .…”

“…11 What's more, the spatially separated cytosolic ADH/mitochondrial ALDH metabolic system easily causes the diffusion of a toxic intermediate of aldehyde, inducing oxidative stress that causes structural and functional damage of the liver. 12 Moreover, alcohol metabolism is affected and reduced by other types of dependence such as illicit drugs, junk food, and smoking, due to enzymatic interference and their pharmacokinetic interactions with alcohol occurring in the liver, exacerbating the progression of ALI. 13 To address these issues, confined catalytic systems with alcohol metabolic reprogramming capability are highly desired.…”