Graphitization of <i>Miscanthus</i> grass biocarbon enhanced by <i>in situ</i> generated FeCo nanoparticles

Major, Ian; Pin, Jean‐Mathieu; Behazin, Ehsan; Rodriguez‐Uribe, Arturo; Misra, Manjusri; Mohanty, Amar K.

doi:10.1039/c7gc03457a

Cited by 67 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Miscanthus, a perennial grass grown abundantly in Canada, is an environmentally sustainable carbon source. 28 Miscanthus is a biomass source which contains high-quality lignocellulosic material. 29 To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on synthesis of CDs from Miscanthus grass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miscanthus grass-derived carbon dots to selectively detect Fe³⁺ ions

et al. 2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on synthesis of CDs from Miscanthus grass. Furthermore, the material can be obtained cost effectively 28 and would make a perfect starting material for the synthesis of CDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miscanthus grass-derived carbon dots to selectively detect Fe³⁺ ions

et al. 2019

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“…8. The graphite content can be identified by the peak (002) at 2 θ = 26.3° 58 . The graphitic content was also confirmed in Raman spectra.…”

Section: Conductivity the Electrical Conductivity Of Ph Biocarbon Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The graphitic content was also confirmed in Raman spectra. Interestingly, PH biocarbon is able to obtain this structure without the addition of catalysts whereas Miscanthus grass requires the addition of cobalt or iron to achieve similar peaks 58 . The domain size (ξ) for the (002) structure was found to be 0.86 nm.…”

Section: Conductivity the Electrical Conductivity Of Ph Biocarbon Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)

Picard

Thakur

Misra

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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There are millions of tons of post-food processing residues discarded annually. Currently, these waste materials are discarded to landfill, used as animal feed or incinerated. This suggests that there are potential uses for these materials in value-added applications. This work focuses on the characterization and valorization of peanut hulls through the generation of green composites. Peanut hulls were pyrolyzed at 500 °C and analyzed to discover their unique surface morphology and relatively low ash content. Raman spectral analysis determined I D /i G values of 0.74 for the samples, suggesting greater graphitic content than disordered carbon content. Such results were confirmed in X-ray diffraction analysis by the presence of (002) and (100) planes. Partially biobased engineering thermoplastic, poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), was combined with 20 wt.% biocarbon. The tensile and flexural moduli improved with the addition of biocarbon, and the bio-content increased from 35 to 48 wt.% as compared to neat PTT. The higher temperature biocarbon was found to have superior performance over the lower temperature sample. The enhanced sustainability of these materials suggested that peanut hulls can be valorized via thermochemical conversion to generate value-added products. Future works could focus on the optimization of these materials for non-structural automotive components or electrical housings. Biomass is generated from a number of biological sources, including waste from the agricultural industry, as well as beverage and food processing industries. There have been substantial amounts of work to valorize these materials 1 by extracting compounds 2 , repurposing for value-added products 3 or burning as energy sources 4. Peanut hulls are an abundantly available, low-cost and sustainable biomass. PHs are the outer shell which encompasses the nut (Fig. 1a). The largest global producers of peanuts are displayed in Fig. 1b, however, they are grown in many other areas around the world. It was estimated in 2017 that there were 45 million metric tons of peanuts produced worldwide 5. Since PHs comprise 21-29% of overall peanut weight 6 , at least 9.4 million metric tonnes were produced in 2017. This study takes a comprehensive look at biomass generated from PHs that were grown in southern Ontario (Canada). PHs consist of four major structural components. These four layers are the pericarp, exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp arranged in order of outermost to innermost layers (Fig. 1a) 7. Together, these layers contain different ratios of cellulosic materials such as lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, as well as small amounts of protein and pectin 8. Peanut hull biomass is abundantly available and to date has had limited use in value-added products. In fact, the PHs generated in Ontario are spread back on the fields after completion of the harvest season. On the global scale, this biomass is readily available in large quantities, obtained at a relatively low cost and is renewed each year. Further examination of current us...

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“…Furthermore, Miscanthus biocarbon has relatively high surface area, among biocarbon materials produced from different biomass feedstock [ 24 ]. Miscanthus biocarbon has been tested as a carbon source for biologically derived graphite and supercapacitor [ 25 , 26 ]. It has also been evaluated as a filler in composites with polymers such as polyamide and polypropylene [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of the Biocomposites of Miscanthus Biocarbon and Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)

Reimer

Wang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Miscanthus biocarbon (MB), a renewable resource-based, carbon-rich material, was melt-processed with poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) to produce sustainable biocomposites. The addition of the biocarbon improved the Young’s modulus of PHBV from 3.6 to 5.2 GPa at 30 wt % filler loading. An increase in flexural modulus, up to 48%, was also observed. On the other hand, the strength, elongation-at-break and impact strength decreased. Morphological study of the impact-fractured surfaces showed weak interaction at the interface and the existence of voids and agglomerates, especially with high filler contents. The thermal stability of the PHBV/MB composites was slightly reduced compared with the neat PHBV. The biocarbon particles were not found to have a nucleating effect on the polymer. The degradation of PHBV and the formation of unstable imperfect crystals were revealed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Higher filler contents resulted in reduced crystallinity, indicating more pronounced effect on polymer chain mobility restriction. With the addition of 30 wt % biocarbon, the heat deflection temperature (HDT) became 13 degrees higher and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) decreased from 100.6 to 75.6 μm/(m·°C), desired improvement for practical applications.

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Graphitization of Miscanthus grass biocarbon enhanced by in situ generated FeCo nanoparticles

Abstract: The synergistic activity of iron and cobalt nitrate has been highlighted by the generation of FeCo nanoparticles which enhanced the graphitization process of biomass into biocarbon.

Cited by 67 publications

References 64 publications

Miscanthus grass-derived carbon dots to selectively detect Fe³⁺ ions

Miscanthus grass-derived carbon dots to selectively detect Fe³⁺ ions

Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of the Biocomposites of Miscanthus Biocarbon and Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)

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Graphitization of Miscanthus grass biocarbon enhanced by in situ generated FeCo nanoparticles

Abstract: The synergistic activity of iron and cobalt nitrate has been highlighted by the generation of FeCo nanoparticles which enhanced the graphitization process of biomass into biocarbon.

Cited by 67 publications

References 64 publications

Miscanthus grass-derived carbon dots to selectively detect Fe3+ ions

Miscanthus grass-derived carbon dots to selectively detect Fe3+ ions

Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of the Biocomposites of Miscanthus Biocarbon and Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)

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Miscanthus grass-derived carbon dots to selectively detect Fe³⁺ ions

Miscanthus grass-derived carbon dots to selectively detect Fe³⁺ ions