“…The IM generates a series of AMs that produce branches, such as the primary branch meristem (PBM), the elongated primary branch meristem (ePBM), and the secondary branch meristem (SBM) from branch meristems (BMs); or spikelets and flowers, from the spikelet meristem (SM) and floret meristem (FM), respectively (Tanaka et al ., 2013; Kyozuka et al ., 2014) [Correction added after first publication 24 February 2022: a reference has been deleted from the preceding sentence.]. Spatiotemporal changes in several phytohormones, including cytokinin (CK), GA, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acids, are known to affect AM activity and transition time (Tanaka et al ., 2013; Kyozuka, 2014; Zhang & Yuan, 2014; Yuan et al ., 2020). Transcription factors (TFs), such as members of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN‐LIKE (SPL), basic helix–loop–helix, APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF), TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR 1, and MADS‐box families, integrate environmental and hormonal information to orchestrate AM identity, activity, and determinacy to regulate inflorescence and spikelet development (B. Wang et al ., 2018; Yuan et al ., 2020; Zhu & Wagner, 2020) [Correction added after first publication 24 February 2022: a reference has been deleted from the preceding sentence.…”