Gravity-flow deposits caused by different initiation processes in a deep-lake system

Yang, Tian; Cao, Yingchang; Liu, Keyu; Tian, Jie; Zavala, Carlos; Wang, Yanzhong

doi:10.1306/03172017081

Cited by 22 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The successive lithofacies changes from facies Cas to facies Sps, facies Mps or facies Ms gradually support the erosional origin. Meanwhile, the erosion processes are also indicated by the obvious erosion contact in the sole of facies Cas and the mixed mud clast with different shapes and colours (Figure 3i) (Yang et al, 2020). Therefore, type B beds are interpreted as the products of sustained high‐density turbidity currents with strong erosion capacity in the relatively proximal part of the flow.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gravity flow mainly experiences the transformation from sustained high-density turbidity current to quasisteady low-density turbidity current from the proximal to the distal and lateral edges of the depositional system (Girard et al, 2012;Mulder & Chapron, 2011;Yang et al, 2019Yang et al, , 2020Zavala, 2020) (Figure 14). The strong erosion of sustained high-density turbidity current can form clast-rich argillaceous debris flow deposits (Talling et al, 2012;Talling, Malgesini, & Felletti, 2013;Zavala et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Controlling Of Sediment Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentary characteristics and depositional model of hyperpycnites in the gentle slope of a lacustrine rift basin: A case study from the third member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation, Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

et al. 2023

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Hyperpycnal flow deposits, one of the most important deep‐water gravity‐flow deposits in lacustrine basins, have become the research focus in recent years. However, the sedimentary characteristics and depositional model of hyperpycnal flow deposits in lacustrine basins remain unclear due to the differences of depositional settings between lacustrine and marine environments. Hyperpycnal flow deposits observed in the middle of the third member of the Shahejie Formation (Es3z) in the Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China, provide a rare case study to reveal the characteristics and depositional model in lacustrine basins. For the first time, detailed core analysis, high‐resolution 3D seismic data, petrology and grain size analysis were used to unravel the characteristics and depositional model of hyperpycnal flow deposits in this study. Twelve lithofacies, six bed types and four bedsets (corresponding to feeder channel, distributary channel, levee and lobe) were recognized from detailed facies analysis. Plant fragment, an important identification mark for hyperpycnal flow deposits, can be classified into three types: completely broken plant fragments, partially broken plant fragments and complete leaves. The proximal part of the deposit develops a small amount of scattered and completely broken plant fragments in massive or spaced stratified pebbly sandstone and massive sandstone due to strong erosion of sustained high‐density turbidity current. The medial part of the deposit is dominated by laminated partially broken plant fragments in planar laminated or rippled sandstone due to suspended settling of sustained high‐density turbidity current and quasi‐steady low‐density turbidity current. Layered partially broken plant fragments with some complete leaves are common in the upper part mud rich division of hybrid event bed and laminated siltstone in the distal part of the deposit. The distribution pattern of hyperpycnites is controlled comprehensively by palaeogeomorphy and sediment supply. Palaeogullies determine the provenance direction of hyperpycnal flow. The formation of synsedimentary faults and troughs control the transport routing patterns. Local micro‐palaeogeomorphy and depression areas further restrict the distribution of sand bodies. During the early stage of deposition with insufficient sediment supply, sediments are transported to the deep basin along confined faulted troughs forming elongated sandy bodies. During the late stage of deposition with sufficient sediment supply, sediments are transported to the deep basin without confinement accumulating fan‐shaped sandy bodies. This study offers insight for enhancing the recognition criteria of hyperpycnites, as well as their depositional model in lacustrine basins.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Controlling Of Sediment Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary characteristics and depositional model of hyperpycnites in the gentle slope of a lacustrine rift basin: A case study from the third member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation, Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

et al. 2023

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“…These clinothems are easy to collapse, controlled by both internal factors (such as rapid progradation) and external factors (earthquake or storm wave reworking) (Clare et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2020). Therefore, many lenticular sediment gravity flow deposits will be caused by sediment failures (Liu et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2019Yang et al, , 2020. These sediment gravity flow deposits are dominated by sandy debrites accompanied by slides and slumps (Liu et al, 2017(Liu et al, , 2020Sztanó et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2019Yang et al, , 2020 (Figure 11c).…”

Section: Depositional Model Of Highstand Sublacustrine Fansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highstand sublacustrine fans: The role of a sudden increase in sediment supply

2023

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Contrary to widely used traditional sequence-stratigraphic models, highstand sublacustrine fans developed in the deep-water environment in the middle of the third member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es3z, 42-40.5 Ma), Dongying Sag. Using four cores and 3D seismic data, we describe the sequence stratigraphy frameworks, sediment characteristics, depositional elements, and depositional model of the Liangjialou highstand sublacustrine fan. The Es3z is a complete third-order sequence stratigraphic, bounded by T4 at the top and T6 at the base. Between T4 and T6, there is the maximum flooding surface (MFS) distributed from proximal to distal of the system in the third-order stratigraphic sequence. Therefore, the Liangjialou Fan at the top of the Es3z, between MFS and T4, is a typical highstand sublacustrine fan as determined from seismic data. This highstand sublacustrine fan is characterised by gravel to fine-grained sand, abundant amalgamation surfaces, and crude stratifications common in coarsegrained structureless-to normal-graded sandstones. Climbing ripples and thin laminae rich in plant debris are common in inverse-then normal-graded sandstones. Channel-levee, channel-lobe transition zone, and lobes developed in this highstand sublacustrine fan, with clear internal progradation stacking patterns caused by hyperpycnal flow. The sudden increase in sediment supply in an accommodation decrease situation and the narrow shelf width are the primary controlling factors for forming highstand sublacustrine fans. In the late stage of the highstand systems tract, gravity-flow deposits caused by hyperpycnal flow are developed from another new point source to form this highstand sublacustrine fan.Hyperpycnal flow in lacustrine basins can transport coarse-grained sediments with the help of strong flood energy and steep slopes. Gravity flow deposits in lacustrine basins are not confined by sequence stratigraphy frameworks, and many additional areas of sand caused by hyperpycnal flow could be found in lacustrine basins.

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“…Sub‐aqueous sediment gravity flows transport large volumes of sediment, commonly characterised by high proportions of sand, into generally mud‐prone deep‐marine settings (e.g. Bouma, 2000; Heller & Dickinson, 1985; Mutti & Normark, 1987, 1991; Richard et al, 1998; Talling, 2013), and have been shown to have the potential to deposit excellent reservoir‐quality sandstones in deep‐lacustrine settings (Dodd et al, 2019; Yang et al, 2019, 2020). The scale geometry and internal character of deepwater fans can also be used to infer structural information, with different fan systems developing in response to a particular set of characteristics, such as recent fault activity or changes in regional hinterland drainage patterns (Bowman, 1985; Richard et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of breached relay ramp structures on deep‐lacustrine sedimentary systems

2022

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Fault relay ramps are important sediment delivery points along rift margins and often provide persistent flow pathways in deepwater sedimentary basins. They form as tilted rock volumes between en-echelon fault segments, which become modified through progressive deformation, and may develop through-going faults that 'breach' the relay ramp. It is well established that hinterland drainage (fluvial/alluvial systems) is greatly affected by the presence of relay ramps at basin margins. However, the impact on deepwater (deep-marine/lacustrine) subaqueous sediment gravity flow processes, particularly by breached relay ramps, is less well documented. To better evaluate the complex geology of breached relay settings, this study examines a suite of high-quality subsurface data from the Early Cretaceous deep-lacustrine North Falkland Basin (NFB). The Isobel Embayment breached relay-ramp, an ideal example, formed during the syn-rift and was later covered by a thick transitional and early post-rift succession. Major transitional and early post-rift fan systems are observed to have consistently entered the basin at the breached relay location, directed through a significant palaeo-bathymetric low associated with the lower, abandoned ramp of the structure. More minor systems also entered the basin across the structure-bounding fault to the north. Reactivation of basin-bounding faults is shown by the introduction of new point sources along its extent. This study shows the prolonged influence of marginlocated relay ramps on sedimentary systems from syn-rift, transitional and into the early post-rift phase. It suggests that these structures can become reactivated during post-rift times, providing continued control on deposition and sourcing of overlying sedimentary systems. Importantly, breached relays exert control on fan distribution, characterised by laterally extensive lobes sourced by widespread feeder systems, and hanging walls settings by small-scale lobes, with small, often line-sourced feeders. Further characterising the likely sandstone distribution in these structurally complex settings is important as these systems often form attractive hydrocarbon reservoirs. EAGE PLENDERLEITH et al.

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Gravity-flow deposits caused by different initiation processes in a deep-lake system

Cited by 22 publications

References 112 publications

Sedimentary characteristics and depositional model of hyperpycnites in the gentle slope of a lacustrine rift basin: A case study from the third member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation, Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

Sedimentary characteristics and depositional model of hyperpycnites in the gentle slope of a lacustrine rift basin: A case study from the third member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation, Bonan Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

Highstand sublacustrine fans: The role of a sudden increase in sediment supply

The effect of breached relay ramp structures on deep‐lacustrine sedimentary systems

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