Gray scale second harmonic imaging of the liver: A preliminary animal study

Kono, Yuko; Moriyasu, Fuminori; Nada, Takayuki; Suginoshita, Yoshiki; Matsumura, Takeshi; Kobayashi, Kyoko; Nakamura, Takefumi; Chiba, Tsutomu

doi:10.1016/s0301-5629(97)00007-0

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Animal studies so far have reported better detection of liver lesions by perfusing the liver with contrast media. 9,14,15 This new ultrasonographic modality seems to be superior to the technique published by Albrecht et al 16 and Blomley et al 17 They used so-called late-phase imaging to detect liver tumors. 17 This can only be done with another contrast medium (Levovist; Schering, Berlin, Germany).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of liver metastases: comparison of contrast‐enhanced wide‐band harmonic imaging with conventional ultrasonography.

Bernatik

Strobel²,

Hahn³

et al. 2001

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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Objective. To compare the detection rate of conventional ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced wide-band harmonic ultrasonographic imaging in the detection of small liver metastases. Methods. Consecutive patients with histologically proved gastrointestinal carcinoma liver metastases were studied. Biphasic helical computed tomography, conventional ultrasonography, and contrast-enhanced wide-band harmonic imaging were performed on all patients within a 5-day period. The biphasic helical computed tomographic scans were reviewed and interpreted by a skilled radiologist. The number of lesions and their descriptive characteristics were recorded for analysis. In addition, videotape recordings of the conventional ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced wide-band harmonic imaging were blindly reviewed, after which the number of detected lesions and their characteristics were then compared with those detected on biphasic helical computed tomography, considered the standard of reference. Results. Twenty-eight patients (10 female and 18 male; age range, 45-72 years) were studied. Conventional ultrasonography detected 37 (59%) of all lesions visualized by biphasic helical computed tomography. The detection rate for contrast-enhanced wide-band harmonic imaging was significantly higher (61 [97%] of 63). In our series, two 10-mm lesions near the diaphragm were not visualized by wide-band harmonic imaging. Conclusions. The use of contrast-enhanced imaging techniques significantly improves the ultrasonographic detection of liver metastases. Our results achieved the sensitivity of biphasic helical computed tomography.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of liver metastases: comparison of contrast‐enhanced wide‐band harmonic imaging with conventional ultrasonography.

Bernatik

Strobel²,

Hahn³

et al. 2001

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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“…The histopathologic observation that was rich vascularity in living part of the tumor and necrotic region without vascularity in the center revealed typical feature of VX-2 tumor. 21) Ring enhancement of tumor rim in the early phase of Sonazoid with PII well agreed with rich vascularity of the tumor in histopathologic observation. This is quite important in clinical settings, since visualization of features of tumor vasculature is essential for characterization of focal lesion 22,23) and this result demonstrated the potential of Sonazoid to visualize the tumor vasculature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Characterization of Tumor Imaging with Microbubble-Based Ultrasound Contrast Agent, Sonazoid, in Rabbit Liver

Watanabe

Matsumura

Chen

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Ultrasonography (US) is useful for diagnosis of hepatic focal lesions, which is based on their distinctive echogenicities; the gray-scale morphologic features. To improve diagnostic ability of detection and characterization of tumors, contrast imaging has been used in diagnostic imaging, e.g. X-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but has not yet been popular in US since contrast agents for US are not at clinical satisfaction level. Intravenous US contrast agents available for clinical use or the agents under development are basically microbubbles whose size is comparable to or less than red blood cells. First-generation agent consisted of air-microbubbles, Levovist (SH U 508A; Schering, Berlin, Germany), is commercially available in many countries, 1-6) but short imaging duration and weak contrast effect due to instability of the microbubbles could provide only limited diagnostic information.1,2) In order to improve the contrast effects, second-generation agents that use less soluble gases for microbubbles are being developed and now clinically available in limited western countries.1,6-9) Viewpoint from US imaging machine, to detect microbubbles more sensitively, harmonic imaging technology has been developed to visualize the harmonic echo from the microbubbles: backscatter signal (echo) from the microbubbles contains more harmonic component than that from tissues. 1)One of the second-generation agents, Sonazoid (previously NC100100, Amersham Health, Oslo, Norway) 7,10) has been reported to enhance perfusion of the myocardium and other organs. 7,[11][12][13][14] In the previous study, 15) we have characterized contrast enhancement of Sonazoid on the liver of metastatic carcinoma-model (VX-2) in rabbits, 16,17) and demonstrated promising contrast effect on the detection and delineation of liver tumors. This is due to uniqueness of Sonazoid whose microbubbles are likely to be taken up by Kupffer cells (liver macrophages) in the healthy liver and enhances contrast of the liver parenchyma during the delayed phase, which usually occurs within 10 min after the injection. In contrast, tumor that lacks Kupffer cells was not enhanced resulting in clear negative contrast of the tumor.In the previous study, comparison of the tumor contrast with histopathology of the tumors could not be examined in detail, since resolution of US images that had been acquired using the harmonic imaging technique was not enough to compare with microscopic images. To improve resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of this harmonic technique, phase inversion imaging (PII) technique was then developed and now become available in the commercial US machine. 6,18,19) PII can detect harmonic echoes from the microbubble contrast agent with greater sensitivity and without the loss of spatial resolution often seen in the harmonic imaging.Localization of the microbubbles in the liver Kupffer cells has been demonstrated in rat by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 20) However, the liver contrast effect in rats, such...

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“…Blooming artifacts are frequently encountered immediately after bolus injection of the contrast agent. To overcome the problems of imaging contrast agents on conventional color or power Doppler the development of harmonic imaging techniques provides preferential detection of the signal from microbubble agents with suppression of the signal from the background tissue [22,23,24,25,26,27,28]. In comparison to conventional imaging, which sends an ultrasound pulse and receives the returning echo at the same frequency, harmonic ultrasound sends a standard frequency and receives at double that frequency or at the second harmonic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase inversion harmonic imaging versus contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography for the characterization of focal liver lesions

Strobel

Raeker

Martus

et al. 2003

International Journal of Colorectal Disease

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Gray scale second harmonic imaging of the liver: A preliminary animal study

Cited by 48 publications

References 17 publications

Detection of liver metastases: comparison of contrast‐enhanced wide‐band harmonic imaging with conventional ultrasonography.

Detection of liver metastases: comparison of contrast‐enhanced wide‐band harmonic imaging with conventional ultrasonography.

Characterization of Tumor Imaging with Microbubble-Based Ultrasound Contrast Agent, Sonazoid, in Rabbit Liver

Phase inversion harmonic imaging versus contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography for the characterization of focal liver lesions

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