Greater access to fast-food outlets is associated with poorer bone health in young children

Vogel, Christina; Parsons, Camille; Godfrey, Keith M.; Robinson, Siân; Harvey, Nicholas C.; Inskip, Hazel; Cooper, Cyrus; Baird, Janis

doi:10.1007/s00198-015-3340-6

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Since physical inactivity is associated with reduced muscular loading, it may theoretically also lead to reductions in bone mass. Comparable results that highlighted negative effects of an unhealthy diet on the musculoskeletal system have previously been reported [ 52 ]. Regular fast food intake was also associated with increases in body weight in these children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

The effect of physical activity intervention and nutritional habits on anthropometric measures in elementary school children: the health oriented pedagogical project (HOPP)

et al. 2021

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Background Overweight and obesity are a burden of the modern world that requires urgent action. Prevention has proven to be efficient in the fight against overweight and obesity. As many children gain excessive weight at an early age, intervention during school years are important. While daily physical activity (PA) is known to have an influence on overweight and obesity prevention, the importance of a healthy lifestyle, including dietary habits, should not be underestimated. The aim of this study was to assess how a combination of daily PA and healthy/unhealthy diet affect the anthropometric measures of 4th graders in Norway. Methods The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP) is a longitudinal intervention in primary school children, which includes increased amount of daily physical activity during teaching– active learning. Assessed were weight, muscle and bone mass, as well as fat mass, using a bio-impedance Tanita scale. A dietary survey, Ungkost 2000, with 18 multiple-choice questions was used to evaluate the overall nutrition characteristics of the children. Results Between 2015 and 2018, a total of 917 (intervention group n = 614, control group n = 303) 4th graders from nine different schools from the south–east part of Norway participated. We observed that daily PA and a regular healthy diet increases—while an unhealthy diet decreases—muscle and bone mass despite daily PA. Daily PA appears to counteract some of the effects of an unhealthy diet on weight and fat mass. In addition, daily PA and a regular intake of fruits and berries lowers weight and fat mass in children with overweight. Conclusion Combination of daily 45-minute of PA and a healthy diet leads to reductions in body weight and incease in muscle and bone mass in elementary school children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

The effect of physical activity intervention and nutritional habits on anthropometric measures in elementary school children: the health oriented pedagogical project (HOPP)

et al. 2021

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“…Financial constraints on local councils could hinder action, however, building evidence from natural experiments and advocating for central government support could enable councils to take action [ 50 ]. Further intervention research to explore the effects of increasing access to healthy specialty stores such as fruit and vegetables stores is needed to improve understanding of their potential beneficial effects on health [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between dietary quality and the local food environment differs according to level of educational attainment: A cross-sectional study

et al. 2017

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There is evidence that food outlet access differs according to level of neighbourhood deprivation but little is known about how individual circumstances affect associations between food outlet access and diet. This study explored the relationship between dietary quality and a measure of overall food environment, representing the balance between healthy and unhealthy food outlet access in individualised activity spaces. Furthermore, this study is the first to assess effect modification of level of educational attainment on this relationship. A total of 839 mothers with young children from Hampshire, United Kingdom (UK) completed a cross-sectional survey including a 20-item food frequency questionnaire to measure diet and questions about demographic characteristics and frequently visited locations including home, children’s centre, general practitioner, work, main food shop and physical activity location. Dietary information was used to calculate a standardised dietary quality score for each mother. Individualised activity spaces were produced by creating a 1000m buffer around frequently visited locations using ArcGIS. Cross-sectional observational food outlet data were overlaid onto activity spaces to derive an overall food environment score for each mother. These scores represented the balance between healthy and unhealthy food outlets using weightings to characterise the proportion of healthy or unhealthy foods sold in each outlet type. Food outlet access was dominated by the presence of unhealthy food outlets; only 1% of mothers were exposed to a healthy overall food environment in their daily activities. Level of educational attainment moderated the relationship between overall food environment and diet (mid vs low, p = 0.06; high vs low, p = 0.04). Adjusted stratified linear regression analyses showed poorer food environments were associated with better dietary quality among mothers with degrees (β = -0.02; 95%CI: -0.03, -0.001) and a tendency toward poorer dietary quality among mothers with low educational attainment, however this relationship was not statistically significant (β = 0.01; 95%CI: -0.01, 0.02). This study showed that unhealthy food outlets, like takeaways and convenience stores, dominated mothers’ food outlet access, and provides some empirical evidence to support the concept that individual characteristics, particularly educational attainment, are protective against exposure to unhealthy food environments. Improvements to the imbalance of healthy and unhealthy food outlets through planning restrictions could be important to reduce dietary inequalities.

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“…One study found that children with one or more greengrocers or supermarkets around their home had lower fizzy drink intake and percentage body fat than children with no access to these outlets ( 41 ) . Another study showed that having greater access to healthy specialty stores in the home neighbourhood was associated with better bone health in children aged 4 years ( 42 ) . Furthermore, a large national study observed that higher counts of healthy specialty stores, supermarkets and cafés in the home neighbourhood related to a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity among young children (aged 4–5 years) but not older children (aged 10–11 years) ( 9 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greater access to healthy food outlets in the home and school environment is associated with better dietary quality in young children

Barrett

Crozier

Lewis

et al. 2017

Public Health Nutr.

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Greater access to fast-food outlets is associated with poorer bone health in young children

Abstract: The neighbourhood food environment that pregnant mothers and young children are exposed may affect bone development during early childhood. If confirmed in future studies, action to reduce access to fast-food outlets could have benefits for childhood development and long-term bone health.

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

The effect of physical activity intervention and nutritional habits on anthropometric measures in elementary school children: the health oriented pedagogical project (HOPP)

The effect of physical activity intervention and nutritional habits on anthropometric measures in elementary school children: the health oriented pedagogical project (HOPP)

The relationship between dietary quality and the local food environment differs according to level of educational attainment: A cross-sectional study

Greater access to healthy food outlets in the home and school environment is associated with better dietary quality in young children

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