Greater Apparent Absorption of Flavonoids Is Associated with Lesser Human Fecal Flavonoid Disappearance Rates

Simons, Andrean L.; Renouf, Mathieu; Murphy, Patricia A.; Hendrich, Suzanne

doi:10.1021/jf902284u

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Isoflavone bioavailability corresponded generally to anaerobic fecal degradation rate in a crossover trial in 10 participants ingesting soy milk (genistein, daidzein) (17). This finding has been given stronger mechanistic basis by the present findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Bacteroides uniformis Is a Putative Bacterial Species Associated with the Degradation of the Isoflavone Genistein in Human Feces

Renouf

Hendrich

2011

The Journal of Nutrition

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Inter-individual variation in isoflavone absorption depends on gut microbial degradation and affects the efficacy of these compounds. We hypothesized that inter-individual variation in fecal isoflavone disappearance coincided with variation in bacterial species. In vitro anaerobic fecal disappearance of isoflavones was measured from 33 participants by HPLC. Fecal microbial 16S rRNA variable region PCR products were obtained from 4 participants with the greatest and least genistein or glycitein degradation and were subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. DNA bands with a homology of 90-95% to Bacteroides uniformis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were present in greater intensities in fecal samples showing a genistein disappearance rate constant of 1.47 ± 0.14 h(-1) compared with those with a genistein disappearance rate constant of 0.15 ± 0.03 h(-1) (P < 0.05). Human fecal bacterial species with DNA sequences 90-100% homologous to Tannerella forsythensis and 4 other species were present in greater intensities in fecal samples showing a glycitein disappearance rate constant of 0.57 ± 0.30 h(-1) compared with fecal samples with a glycitein disappearance rate constant of 0.08 ± 0.03 h(-1) (P < 0.05). In high degraders, B. uniformis may be a candidate for genistein degradation and T. forsythensis for glycitein degradation, based on fecal isoflavone degradation in the presence of these species. Bacteroides acidifaciens increased isoflavone disappearance in anaerobic human fecal incubations under nutrient-rich and -depleted conditions, suggesting this species as one responsible for the generally high degradation of isoflavones by humans. These fecal microbes are candidate biomarkers for interindividual variation in isoflavone uptake and efficacy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Bacteroides uniformis Is a Putative Bacterial Species Associated with the Degradation of the Isoflavone Genistein in Human Feces

Renouf

Hendrich

2011

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…On the other hand, small intestine, colonic epithelium, and liver metabolize naringenin via phase II conjugation by UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT), sulfotransferase, and catechol-O-methyltransferase[ 18 - 20 ]. Naringenin-glucuronides leave the cells by Mrp2 protein or pass into blood via breast cancer-resistant protein (Bcrp1)[ 21 ].…”

Section: Absorption Metabolism and Distribution Of Naringeninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of naringenin in liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms

Hernández-Aquino

Muriel

2018

WJG

270

176

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Liver diseases are caused by different etiological agents, mainly alcohol consumption, viruses, drug intoxication or malnutrition. Frequently, liver diseases are initiated by oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to the excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM), followed by a progression to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been reported that some natural products display hepatoprotective properties. Naringenin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, antifibrogenic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties that is capable of preventing liver damage caused by different agents. The main protective effects of naringenin in liver diseases are the inhibition of oxidative stress, transforming growth factor (TGF-β) pathway and the prevention of the transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), leading to decreased collagen synthesis. Other effects include the inhibition of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), toll-like receptor (TLR) and TGF-β non-canonical pathways, the inhibition of which further results in a strong reduction in ECM synthesis and deposition. In addition, naringenin has shown beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through the regulation of lipid metabolism, modulating the synthesis and oxidation of lipids and cholesterol. Moreover, naringenin protects from HCC, since it inhibits growth factors such as TGF-β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducing apoptosis and regulating MAPK pathways. Naringenin is safe and acts by targeting multiple proteins. However, it possesses low bioavailability and high intestinal metabolism. In this regard, formulations, such as nanoparticles or liposomes, have been developed to improve naringenin bioavailability. We conclude that naringenin should be considered in the future as an important candidate in the treatment of different liver diseases.

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“…Interindividual variation in absorption of soy isoflavones has been observed [87]. Microbial degradation rate leads to interindividual differences in the absorption of flavonoids [47,88] and formation of equol (metabolite with health benefits) from diadzein [89].…”

Section: E) Variability Among Individuals In Absorption Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of Dietary Polyphenols and the Cardiovascular Diseases

Shivashankara¹,

Acharya²

2010

TONUTRAJ

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Epidemiological studies indicate that the higher intake of fruits and vegetables may reduce the risks of many degenrative diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataract etc. This is attributed mainly to the intake of dietary polyphenols as seen in Mediterranean diets. However, the bioavailability of polyphenols is reported to be low due to poor absorption in the gut, intestine and colon and depends on the type of compounds, chemical structure, food matrix, extent of conjugation and individual colon microflora. In general, flavonoids, aglycones and pure compounds are absorbed more when compared to the glycosides. Diversity in intestinal mocroflora also contributes to a great extent for the variation in absorption of polyphenols as seen in a few studies for the absorption of isoflavones. Among the polyphenols, isoflavones are known to be more bioavailable followed by phenolic acids, flavanols, flavanones, flavonols and lowest bioavailability was seen for anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins.Many human and animal studies have shown that dietary polyphenols reduce the cardiovascular diseases by inhibiting LDL oxidation, promoting vasodilation and by antiplatelet properties. However, the relationship between the level of polyphenols in plasma and their in vivo cardioprotective effects are poor. It is clear that more studies with improved methods are needed to understand the involvement of polyphenols in reducing the risks of degenerative diseases. In order to translate the in vitro results to in vivo, bioavailability of dietary polyphenols have to be increased significantly. One way to achieve this would be to study food preparation methods that can increase the bioavailability of these compounds through the use of different additives, cooking methods, enzymes and microorganisms. Microorganisms appear to play an important role in increasing the bioavailability of polyphenols by removing the conjugation and by breaking polyphenols into simpler absorbable phenols. We feel more bacteria and fungi should be used in food preparations such as yeasts for bread and wine making; lactic acid bacteria for fermenting idlies, dosas, curds; and Bacillus strains for soy fermentation products to increase bioavalability of polyphenols. Enzyme treated or microbial digested food may become the future of food industry. This article was written with a view to supplement Dr. R. B. Singh's life long ambition to prevent cardiovascular diseases through the use of diet and discuss the above points in greater detail.

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Greater Apparent Absorption of Flavonoids Is Associated with Lesser Human Fecal Flavonoid Disappearance Rates

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Bacteroides uniformis Is a Putative Bacterial Species Associated with the Degradation of the Isoflavone Genistein in Human Feces

Bacteroides uniformis Is a Putative Bacterial Species Associated with the Degradation of the Isoflavone Genistein in Human Feces

Beneficial effects of naringenin in liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms

Bioavailability of Dietary Polyphenols and the Cardiovascular Diseases

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