Greed, Scale Mismatch, and Learning

Lee, Kai N.

doi:10.2307/1942079

Cited by 89 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…• The current status of salmon populations is not taken into account when evaluating potential risks to salmon and open (Bottom et al 2009;Malick et al 2017b). Dividing salmon ecosystems into smaller units of assessment, as is often required in EAs, creates spatial mismatches between the natural boundaries of salmon ecosystems and the scale of impacts considered in EAs (Lee 1993;Young 2002;Cumming et al 2006). Scale choice can therefore have important repercussions for the representativeness of an EA, and impacts can be overlooked if thorough consideration is not given to the natural scale of salmon ecosystems when defining the geographic scope of EAs (Joao and João 2002;João 2007;Moore et al 2015b).…”

Section: Spatialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional mismatches occur when EAs consider the interlinked components of salmon ecosystems independently, thereby ignoring potentially important feedbacks that can occur within them (Table 1; Fig. 2; Folke et al 2007;Lee 1993). As the second-largest salmon producing system in Canada, the Skeena River watershed exhibits high levels of population and species diversity (Gottesfeld and Rabnett 2008).…”

Section: Ecological Fit: Functionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mismatches in salmon social–ecological systems: Challenges and opportunities for (re)alignment in the Skeena River watershed

Connors

2023

FACETS

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Mismatches between institutions and social–ecological systems (SESs) are one of the foremost challenges in natural resource management. However, while mismatches are often cited in the literature as a major challenge, empirical evidence of mismatches and their consequences is limited. This is particularly true for complex SESs, such as on the Pacific Coast of North America, where salmon drive interactions across multiple environments, jurisdictions, and scales. Here, I use the theoretical concept of fit to examine institutional alignment in a large-scale Pacific salmon SES, the Skeena River watershed in British Columbia, Canada. Utilizing Canadian federal environmental assessments as a proxy for colonial environmental governance institutions, I describe the common causes and consequences of mismatches between institutions and salmon SESs. This case study suggests that mismatches are threatening salmon sustainability and negatively affecting Indigenous People’s rights, livelihoods, and approaches to resource management and stewardship. I argue that improving social–ecological fit in salmon SESs will require new or revitalized forms of environmental governance that consciously fit the underlying social–ecological dynamics. While these findings are based on the Skeena River watershed, they may be generalizable to other salmon SESs in which mismatches between social and ecological processes and institutions exist.

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Section: Spatialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecological Fit: Functionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mismatches in salmon social–ecological systems: Challenges and opportunities for (re)alignment in the Skeena River watershed

Connors

2023

FACETS

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“…However, multilevel interactions of slow and large, and small and fast adaptive cycles remain a black box despite the numerous attempts to define scale mismatches (Lee 1993, Cumming et al 2006. For the current research, this framework sheds light on two particular processes:…”

Section: The Panarchy Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating multilevel resilience of Russian urban economies 2010–2019

Rogov¹,

Rozenblat²,

Bida³

et al. 2022

E&S

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In this paper we examine the coevolution of individual cities and the city networks to which they belong, during an economic shock. We take an individual city and its city network to be the meso and macro levels, respectively, of a social-economic system. Focusing on the economic shocks felt by Russian cities in 2014 following the Ukrainian conflict, we demonstrate that the same shock had different effects at the meso level (a city's employment structure) and macro level (a city's interfirm linkages to other cities, both national and international). To explain our findings, we draw on panarchy theory to propose a multilevel perspective of resilience through the coevolution of adaptive cycles at the meso and macro levels of urban economies. To evaluate resilience at each level, we first operationalize the panarchy concept of connectedness using a previously developed metric called "tightness," which quantifies the interdependencies among economic activities. We next operationalize the panarchy concept of potential by measuring a city's degree of economic specialization. At the meso level, we find that larger cities suffered less employment loss than smaller cities during the shock and that by 2019 the structure of the meso level had largely returned to its 2010 structure. On the other hand, at the macro level, we found that the 2019 macro level structure changed considerably from 2010. Thus, we show that the meso level was disturbed but returned to a previous state (engineering resilience) while the macro level transitioned to a new state (ecological resilience). Results suggest that policy makers would benefit from distinguishing between the meso and macro levels, enabling the development of multilevel urban policies to address future shocks.

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“…Conservation management is complex, incorporating ecosystem dynamics and socioeconomic drivers (Folke, Hahn, Olsson, & Norberg, 2005). Adaptive management is a way of improving effectiveness of management actions, based on learning by doing (sensu, Walters, 1986; Lee, 1993, Williams, 2011). It promotes decision‐making, involving an assessment of the problem, designing and implementing actions, monitoring and evaluating outcomes and adjusting management where necessary (Williams, Szaro, & Shapiro, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic adaptive management planning—Restoring a desert ecosystem by managing introduced species and native herbivores and reintroducing mammals

Kingsford

West

Pedler

et al. 2020

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Arid rangelands are degraded worldwide, suffering vegetation transformation, soil erosion, introductions, and extinctions. Wild deserts is restoring a desert ecosystem in Sturt National Park, New South Wales, Australia (35,000 ha), eradicating or controlling introduced animals, managing native herbivores, and reintroducing regionally extinct mammals. We describe a Strategic Adaptive Management Plan for restoration of this desert ecosystem, including a vision, model of ecosystem processes, stakeholder input, a hierarchy of objectives linked to triggers and their management actions, producing outcomes and outputs. Our management treatments included two "no restoration" areas and three "restoration" areas. The latter include two exclosures (each 2,000 ha), free of introduced animals (foxes, cats, rabbits), with previously abundant kangaroos removed and regionally extinct mammals to be reintroduced. The third management treatment is a Wild Training Zone (10,400 ha), with introduced animals and kangaroos managed at low levels, using innovative methods, improving survivorship and avoidance behavior of reintroduced mammals to introduced predators. These measures will allow populations of threatened animals to establish, initially in the exclosures, then the Wild Training Zone and potentially more widely. Our strategic adaptive management planning approach is generic and implementable for any natural resource management project, providing explicit steps and processes that track and report transparently on outcomes, fostering learning by doing.

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Greed, Scale Mismatch, and Learning

Cited by 89 publications

References 2 publications

Mismatches in salmon social–ecological systems: Challenges and opportunities for (re)alignment in the Skeena River watershed

Mismatches in salmon social–ecological systems: Challenges and opportunities for (re)alignment in the Skeena River watershed

Evaluating multilevel resilience of Russian urban economies 2010–2019

Strategic adaptive management planning—Restoring a desert ecosystem by managing introduced species and native herbivores and reintroducing mammals

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