Green and eco‐friendly biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Calendula officinalis flower extract: Wound healing potential and antioxidant activity

Abstract

This study aimed to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles with Calendula officinalis flower extract (Co‐ZnO NPs) using the green synthesis method. In addition, the antioxidant and wound healing potential of synthesized ZnO NPs were evaluated. The absorbance band at 355 nm, which is typical for ZnO NPs, was determined from the UV–Vis absorbance spectrum. The energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) measurements revealed a high zinc content of 42.90%. The x‐ray diffractometer data showed Co‐ZnO NPs with an average crystallite size of 17.66 nm. The Co‐ZnO NPs did not have apparent cytotoxicity up to 10 μg/mL (IC50 25.96 μg/mL). C. officinalis ZnO NPs showed partial cell migration and percent wound closure (69.1%) compared with control (64.8%). In addition, antioxidant activities of Co‐ZnO NPs with 2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2 diphenyl‐1 picrylhydrazil (DPPH) were evaluated and radical scavenging activity of 33.49% and 46.63%, respectively, was determined. These results suggest that C. officinalis extract is an effective reducing agent for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs with significant antioxidant and wound healing potential.

Biosynthesis and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.) Extract

“…and Origanum majorana leaf extract (379.75 nm) (18,23). The UV-vis band of ZnO NPs containing Calendula officinalis flower extract exhibited a peak at 355 nm using the green synthesis method (17). SEM images (Figure 3) revealed nano-sized particles of O-ZnO NPs, primarily spherical and irregularly shaped, similar to findings in various biosynthetic ZnO NP studies (16,17,24,25).…”

“…-minute incubation on a shaker at 37°C (17). The absorbance of the samples at 517 nm was recorded to estimate the DPPH scavenging activity, calculated using a specific equation.…”

“…The UV-vis band of ZnO NPs containing Calendula officinalis flower extract exhibited a peak at 355 nm using the green synthesis method (17). SEM images (Figure 3) revealed nano-sized particles of O-ZnO NPs, primarily spherical and irregularly shaped, similar to findings in various biosynthetic ZnO NP studies (16,17,24,25). EDX analysis (Figure 4) determined the bio-composition of O-ZnO NPs, with sharp zinc peaks at 1 keV constituting 50.69% of the composition, and carbon (18.07%) and oxygen (27.52%) attributed to the bioorganic component of the extract.…”

In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Medicinal Flower Laligurans Rhododendron arboreum Collected from Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

“…Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of various plants was evaluated by testing their varied solvent extractions against a range of harmful bacteria. It was found that flowers were particularly beneficial in their practical uses [ 31 – 34 ].…”