“…It nds extensive usage as an electrolyte in lithium (Li) and Li-ion batteries, as well as in applications like gas separation membranes, solvents, detergent compositions, chemical intermediates, polymers, and in constructing eco-composites. [15][16][17][18][19] Synthesis of GC can be achieved through various chemical routes, including the transesterication reaction of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC), 1,4,17,18 carbon monoxide (CO), 20,21 carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), 22,23 phosgene, or urea. [24][25][26] However, several challenges and limitations are associated with these routes.…”