Green chemistry for nanoparticle synthesis

Abstract

The application of the twelve principles of green chemistry in nanoparticle synthesis is a relatively new emerging issue concerning the sustainability. This field has received great attention in recent years due to its capability to design alternative, safer, energy efficient, and less toxic routes towards synthesis. These routes have been associated with the rational utilization of various substances in the nanoparticle preparations and synthetic methods, which have been broadly discussed in this tutorial review. This article is not meant to provide an exhaustive overview of green synthesis of nanoparticles, but to present several pivotal aspects of synthesis with environmental concerns, involving the selection and evaluation of nontoxic capping and reducing agents, the choice of innocuous solvents and the development of energy-efficient synthetic methods.

Biosynthesis of Au, Ag and Au&ndash;Ag bimetallic nanoparticles using protein extracts of <em>Deinococcus radiodurans</em> and evaluation of their cytotoxicity

“…[1][2][3] With the advancements in the field of nanotechnology, noble metallic NPs including gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or Au-Ag bimetallic NPs have demonstrated wide application potentials in antimicrobial agents, 4,5 diagnosis, 6 therapy, 6,7 biosensing, 8 drug delivery, 9,10 and industrial catalysis.…”

“…[13][14][15] The biomolecules such as proteins and DNA can be used as reactants, templates and capping agents in the synthesis of nanomaterials. 2,16,17 The synthesized NPs are bioconjugated to peptides, proteins or DNA, which endows the NPs with additional bioactive properties. 2 For example, the bacterial extract of Marinobacter lipolyticus that produced lipase could be used to synthesize the silver nanomaterials for anti-candidal activities.…”

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nano-sized spherical particles using Terminalia chebula fruits extract for their photocatalytic applications

“…In green synthesis approach, a broad variety of biological materials has been explored, which acts as both reducing and stabilizing agents [10][11][12][13]. Ramesh et al [14] have synthesized ZnO-NPs using an aqueous extract of Cassia Auriculata flower.…”

Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Yeast: A Review of their application

“…Generally, the source of the element should not be present in an amount that is too toxic for the yeast. The biosynthesis could be initiated by several metabolites such as carbonyl groups, terpenoids, phenols, amines, amides, proteins, alkaloids or other reduction substances presented on the used organism (Kouzegaran and Farhadi, 2017;Duan et al, 2015).…”