“…It contains a variety of chemical compounds responsible for its sensory quality and physiological effects, such as caffeine, which is a central nervous system stimulant (Gotteland and de Pablo, 2007). The word coffee encompasses a range of products, from roasted coffee (Nakilcioğlu-Taş and Ötleş, 2019), whole and ground to a wide variety of prepared and semiprocessed products (Alves et al, 2017;da Silva et al, 2022;Nicoli et al, 2009;Singh et al, 2020;Yildirim and Karaca, 2022), such as instant coffee, coffee concentrate (Alencar Lopes et al, 2022;Almahasheer, 2022;Gerasimov et al, 2020;Parvathy et al, 2018) and drinks derived from coffee fit for consumption (Gunel et al, 2022;Kyroglou et al, 2022;Lomolino et al, 2022;Pimpley et al, 2022;Rianto et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2022).…”