“…The results implied that the BDL-PPDT technique has attained effective outcomes with the lower NDSN under all rounds. For instance, with 800 rounds, the BDL-PPDT technique has achieved minimal NDSN of 1, whereas the DEEC, PHC, HNS, CHSES, and RDAC-BC techniques have obtained maximum NDSN of 116, 106, 64, 42, and 5 nodes, respectively [ 28 – 31 ]. At the same time, with 3500 rounds, the BDL-PPDT technique has offered a least NDSN of 290, whereas the DEEC, PHC, HNS, CHSES, and RDAC-BC techniques have reached to an increased NDSN of 488, 481, 472, 470, and 362 nodes, respectively.…”