Green Epoxy Resin System Based on Lignin and Tung Oil and Its Application in Epoxy Asphalt

Xin, Junna; Li, Mei; Li, Ran; Wolcott, Michael P.; Zhang, Jinwen

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b00256

Cited by 156 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The signals of the functional groups that did not take place in the modification procedure, such as CH bonds (2600–3000 cm −1 ) and aromatic CC bonds (1502 and 1597 cm −1 ), did not change. The results are in agreement with previous reported FT‐IR spectra for glycidylated lignins …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…For instance, wheat straw lignin leads to higher epoxy values than grass straw lignin under the same reaction conditions. Synthesis of cured polyepoxides with lignin is described with a) a conventional coating primer, b) the diglycidylether of BPA (DGEBA) as additional epoxide compound and different hardeners (triethylenetatraamine, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane, or a imidazole‐based hardener), or c) without a second epoxide compound, using a tung oil derived hardener or a conventional novolac . The various publications address different aspects of the characteristics of lignin‐based epoxy thermosets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Some focus on thermal properties and others analyze specific applications, such as epoxy asphalts or coatings . Recent publications examined the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curing behavior of lignin‐based epoxides, analyzing the activation energy …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy Thermosetting Polymers from Glycidylated Organosolv Lignin and Bisphenol A

Over

Grau

Grelier

et al. 2016

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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Diglycidylether of bisphenol A and isophorone diamine (IPDA) are industrially used for polyepoxide curing. Herein, glycidylated Organosolv lignin (GOL) is cured with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and IPDA for intensive studies. Organosolv lignin (OL) is therefore first glycidylated with epichlorohydrin to a material with an epoxy content of 3.2 mmol g–1 and analyzed via FT‐IR, 1H and 31P NMR. Epoxy thermosets with up to 42 wt% GOL are cured in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) crucibles, analyzing the residual reaction heat. Characterization of dog bone shaped specimens is described with regard to structural properties from scanning electron microscopy and FT‐IR, thermal properties by DSC and thermogravimetric analysis, as well as mechanical properties by dynamic mechanical analysis and stress/strain measurements. A lignin content between 8% and 33% leads to higher crosslinking density, resulting in a higher glass transition, lower swelling percentage, and increased stiffness (Young's modulus) if compared to non‐GOL polymers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy Thermosetting Polymers from Glycidylated Organosolv Lignin and Bisphenol A

Over

Grau

Grelier

et al. 2016

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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“…Recent research efforts have highlighted lignin as a promising potential source for industrially relevant, building block molecules . One of the three components of plant cell walls, lignin is a rigid, amorphous aromatic biopolymer produced by dry land plants .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Highly Bio‐Based Epoxy Amine Thermosets Derived from Lignocellulosics

Mauck

Yadav

Sadler

et al. 2017

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The development of chemicals from renewable sources as replacements for current toxic and unsustainable petrochemicals is an area of expanding study and interest. Phenolic epoxies derived from lignin, an underutilized resource generated as waste by the pulp and paper industry, and furanyl–amine epoxy curing agents derived from cellulosic biomass, are already proven independently to yield thermosetting resins possessing adequate thermal and thermomechanical properties. In this work, the union of the aforementioned technologies is examined to determine the properties and characteristics of such highly bio‐derived epoxy and amine thermosets. Resins with bio‐derived carbon content greater than 97% are synthesized and characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Lignin‐derived epoxy resins are found to be compatible with a cellulose‐derived furanyl diamine curing agent to produce thermosetting resins with good thermomechanical and thermogravimetric properties, rivaling the levels of properties exhibited by similar commercial petroleum‐derived systems, indicating viability for replacing petroleum‐based polymers in high‐temperature applications.

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“…At present, plentiful bio‐based resources, including sugars (sorbitol and isoboride), vegetable oils, rosin, lignin, and furan, have been reported as bio‐renewable feedstocks for the synthesis of epoxy resins. The result shows low epoxy value, low curing reactivity, and unsatisfactory chemical structure, but the cure resins rarely exhibit suitable properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of itaconic‐based epoxy resins

Kumar

Samal

Mohanty

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A trifunctional epoxy resin from itaconic acid (TEIA) was synthesized from a renewable resource-based itaconic acid by allylation of itaconic acid to form diallyl itaconate by using m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid as oxidizing agents followed by epoxidation of allylic C═C bond of diallyl itaconate methylhexahydropthalic anhydride as curing agent in the presence of 2-methyl imidazole as a catalyst. The chemical structure of the synthesized resins was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR and Pan et al [26] synthesized a highly functional bio-based epoxy resin from sucrose fatty acids. The higher epoxy value means that the highest number of epoxy rings, the more cross-linking occurs.Therefore, the result shows that higher mechanical properties and glass transition temperature contrast to commercialized bio-based epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). The overall properties of ESO were not similar to the conventional DGEBA, while they both are cured with methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) curing agent because of the presence of long triglyceride aliphatic chain structure.Xin et al 27 synthesized cinnamic acid (Cin-epoxy)-based liquid epoxy resin with lower viscosity (0.67 Pa s) at room temperature than epoxy resin (DER 332; 3.31 Pa s), which indicates that Cin-epoxy systems have better processability and similar (T g 85°C) value of the biobased dimethylpropionic acid cured Cin-epoxy/dimethylpropionic acid networks and petroleum-based Cin-epoxy/HHPA network (T g 90°C).Samantha et al studied that the bio-based quercetin epoxy monomer that displayed comparable T g and thermal and mechanical properties than DGEBA was cured with nadic methyl anhydride curing agent.Wan et al 28 described that a eugenol-based epoxy resin (DEU-EP) with higher bio-based content of 70.2 wt% showed a higher storage,

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Green Epoxy Resin System Based on Lignin and Tung Oil and Its Application in Epoxy Asphalt

Cited by 156 publications

References 23 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy Thermosetting Polymers from Glycidylated Organosolv Lignin and Bisphenol A

Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy Thermosetting Polymers from Glycidylated Organosolv Lignin and Bisphenol A

Preparation and Characterization of Highly Bio‐Based Epoxy Amine Thermosets Derived from Lignocellulosics

Synthesis and characterization of itaconic‐based epoxy resins

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