In recent years, the worldwide coating industries and scientific communities have introduced superhydrophobic coatings with exceptional water repellency for marine, automotive, and medical applications. Various research works has been devoted to creating a superhydrophobic surface. This review attempts to highlight the recent development and technical breakthrough on superhydrophobic coatings and its potential application in various fields. Moreover, emphasis has also been on providing insight regarding the recent development in superhydrophobic coatings using nanotechnology focusing both on novel preparation strategies and on investigations of their distinctive properties.

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Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been extensively utilized globally, with various applications in construction, piping, wiring and cable, installation, flooring, nonfood packing, windows, doors, and more. Phthalates have been the most commonly employed plasticizers for PVC, but some of these plasticizers demonstrate many toxic effects on the environment and human beings, which consequently limits the use of phthalate plasticizers. Growing awareness of the effects of plasticizers on the environment and the depletion of petroleum-based resources has made the development of an alternative biobased plasticizer for PVC formulation necessary. Recently, there has been an increased consciousness of the use of natural resource-based plasticizers instead of phthalates in PVC production, because they are eco-friendly in nature. This review paper covers the utilization of traditional and biobased plasticizers for PVC plasticization, and their effect on environmental, mechanical, and thermal properties has been reported.

Petroleum based epoxy resins exhibit various excellent properties such as adhesion, mechanical performance, electrical insulation and chemical resistance. There is wide concern towards depletion of non-renewable resources, climate change and finding renewable alternatives for petroleum based materials to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. This review mainly draws attention towards the utilization of renewable resource based epoxy resin derived from lignocellulosic biomass, furan, tannins, itaconic acid, rosin acid and bio-oil etc. Without altering the mechanical and thermal properties much, epoxy resins derived from renewable materials have been widely investigated. The last two decades have witnessed an exponential growth in using bio-derived products, which has been driven by the need to replace petroleum based materials, reduce fuel consumption and lower the overall environmental impact.

The petroleum based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin is one of the most extensively used epoxy resins for various industrial applications such as paints, coatings, adhesives, and structural applications, owing to its excellent mechanical and thermal properties, low curing shrinkage, and good chemical resistance. However, the serious drawbacks in terms of brittleness or poor fracture energy significantly restricted its extensive utilization. Various renewable resources based flexible chains were used to blend with DGEBA for toughening and to significantly improve the fracture properties without sacrificing the mechanical properties. This review mainly focuses on toughening of DGEBA with various renewable polymers and the effect of its concentration on its toughening mechanism.