Green Fuel Desulfurization with β-Cyclodextrin Aqueous Solution for Thiophenic Sulfides by Molecular Inclusion

Abstract

Achieving green fuel desulfurization for thiophenic sulfides (TpSs) is a very urgent theme for the production of clean oil. Herein, an aqueous solution of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) as a novel desulfurization agent that is environmentally friendly and low cost was approached in the inclusion removal of the TpSs in fuel. It was found that βCD aqueous solution (βCD aq) has high selectivity to remove the TpSs in fuel. The desulfurization conditions of the molecular inclusion with βCD aq are significantly more moderate than those of the existing desulfurization methods. Room temperature is suitable for βCD aq to remove the three TpSs. The removal efficiency of the three TpSs using βCD aq was in the order of benzothiophene (56.71%) > dibenzothiophene (51.86%) > thiophene (45.38%) when the temperature was 30 °C and the volume ratio of βCD aq to n-heptane containing 0.1 mg·g–1 sulfur was 2:1. The inclusion ratio of βCD and TpS in the formed inclusion complex is 1:1 for all three TpS’s, and the TpS can easily enter the cavity of βCD from its wide end. A reasonable desulfurization mechanism through the molecular inclusion of βCD in aqueous solution was proposed based on the experimental and computational results. This study indicates that βCD aq could be developed into a green desulfurization method for the removal of TpSs via molecular inclusion.

Deep Eutectic Solvents with Excellent Catalytic Ability for Extractive and Oxidative Desulfurization under Room Temperature

“…It was mainly due to the sulfur atom’s electron-withdrawing ability for hydrogen atoms, leading to the strong interaction between DES and DBT . In addition, the characterization signals at DBT (8.34, 8.01, and 7.50 ppm) were hardly recognized after the reaction due to the shielding effect of DES on DBT . As per the above analysis, there was an interaction between DES and the sulfur atom of DBT.…”

Chiral resolution of ketoprofen by modified polymethyl methacrylate microspheres

“…[16][17][18][19] The phenyl isocyanate on the CD ring can cause additional π-π interaction between the CD and analyte, which may contribute to the complexation of the CD cavity. [20][21][22][23][24][25] In addition, the introduction of an electron-withdrawing halogen element at the 3 or 4 positions of the phenyl isocyanate may have a positive effect on the π-π bond and comprehensively improve the recognition ability of the cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase column for chiral drugs. [26][27][28][29] The stationary phase supported on modified microspheres is an effective separation that has been proved.…”

“…Currently, some cyclodextrins of chloro‐isonitriles can interact with chiral drugs, they show a wide range of adsorption selectivity 16–19 . The phenyl isocyanate on the CD ring can cause additional π–π interaction between the CD and analyte, which may contribute to the complexation of the CD cavity 20–25 . In addition, the introduction of an electron‐withdrawing halogen element at the 3 or 4 positions of the phenyl isocyanate may have a positive effect on the π–π bond and comprehensively improve the recognition ability of the cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase column for chiral drugs 26–29 .…”

Application of Janus Magnetic Nanoparticle Fe3O4@SiN functionalized with beta‐cyclodextrin in thymol drug delivery procedure: An in vitro study

“…It is reported that the cylindrical structure of β ‐CD was used as a host‐guest system to load pharmaceutical materials. [ 32–35 ]…”

“…It is reported that the cylindrical structure of β-CD was used as a host-guest system to load pharmaceutical materials. [32][33][34][35] Various drugs have been utilized with different carriers for drug delivery purposes. [36] Herbal medicines extracted from natural resources are of particular importance in medical science due to their low side effects.…”