Green functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals for application in reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites

Wang, Wei; Liang, Tao; Zhang, Baikai; Bai, Huiyu; Ma, Piming; Dong, Weifu

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.019

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The peak at 2967 cm −1 is the asymmetric stretching vibration peak of CH 3 , the peak at 1735 cm −1 is the C=O stretching vibration peak of the ester group, and the peak at 1258 cm −1 is the C-O stretching vibration peak of the ester group. These signals indicate that malic acid was successfully grafted onto CNF [39]. The infrared spectra of J-Z-CNF and Z-J-CNF are very similar, and there are characteristic absorption peaks related to the coupling agent and malic acid at 2967 cm −1 (CH 3 ), 1735 cm −1 (C=O), 1258 cm −1 (C-O), 1582 cm −1 (-NH 2 ), and 789 cm −1 (N-H), which indicate that the sample was successfully esterified.…”

Section: Chemical Structurementioning

confidence: 85%

“…In addition, the wrapping effect of KH-550 on the CNF may prompt multiple CNFs to be wrapped at the same time, resulting in an increase in diameter [35,38]. The smaller diameter of Z-CNF can be attributed to the surface peeling effect of highly grafted cellulose or degradation of natural cellulose under acidic reaction conditions [39]. considering that, although L-malic acid plays a role, the dispersion of the CNF in Figure 1e is not high; a possible reason for this is that the addition of KH-550 in the second step made the dispersed CNFs re-aggregate under the action of encapsulation and coupling [36,37].…”

Section: Apparent Morphological Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the wrapping effect of K-H550 on the CNF may prompt multiple CNFs to be wrapped at the same time, resulting in an increase in diameter [35,38]. The smaller diameter of Z-CNF can be attributed to the surface peeling effect of highly grafted cellulose or degradation of natural cellulose under acidic reaction conditions [39]. Figure 3 shows that J-CNF has new characteristic FT-IR peaks at 1582 and 789 cm −1 , which can be attributed to KH-550.…”

Section: Apparent Morphological Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with that of the CNF, the initial decomposition temperatures of Z-CNF and J-Z-CNF are lower at 201 • C and 208 • C, respectively. This phenomenon may be due to the following reasons: (1) the esterification reaction reduced the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the CNF, leading to a decrease in the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the CNF; (2) there are more unstable carboxyl groups in Z-CNF and J-Z-CNF, which significantly reduce the thermal degradation temperature; and (3) esterification reduces the crystallinity of the surface structure of the modified CNF [39]. The initial decomposition temperature of Z-J-CNF is 273 • C, while the maximum decomposition temperature is 321 • C. The thermal stability of Z-J-CNF was greatly improved compared with that of the CNF, because although esterification can reduce the thermal stability of the CNF, the silanol produced by the hydrolysis of the coupling agent can combine with the hydroxyl groups on malic acid and the CNF to form new strong hydrogen bonds.…”

Section: Crystallinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Preparation and Properties of Cassava Residue Cellulose Nanofibril/Cassava Starch Composite Films

Huang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Because of its non-toxic, pollution-free, and low-cost advantages, environmentally-friendly packaging is receiving widespread attention. However, using simple technology to prepare environmentally-friendly packaging with excellent comprehensive performance is a difficult problem faced by the world. This paper reports a very simple and environmentally-friendly method. The hydroxyl groups of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were modified by introducing malic acid and the silane coupling agent KH-550, and the modified CNF were added to cassava starch as a reinforcing agent to prepare film with excellent mechanical, hydrophobic, and barrier properties. In addition, due to the addition of malic acid and a silane coupling agent, the dispersibility and thermal stability of the modified CNFs became significantly better. By adjusting the order of adding the modifiers, the hydrophobicity of the CNFs and thermal stability were increased by 53.5% and 36.9% ± 2.7%, respectively. At the same time, the addition of modified CNFs increased the tensile strength, hydrophobicity, and water vapor transmission coefficient of the starch-based composite films by 1034%, 129.4%, and 35.95%, respectively. This material can be widely used in the packaging of food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and medical consumables.Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 755 2 of 19 starch films, researchers have often added different types of enhancers to starch film to improve its strength [11][12][13][14]. Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) has become an ideal starch film enhancer due to its low cost, low density, renewability, recyclability, high surface area, chemical reactivity, strength, modulus, elasticity, transparency, tensile rigidity, light weight, low thermal expansion, and biodegradability (due to its nano-size characteristics) [15][16][17].Cellulose nanofibril comes from various sources of natural fibers, such as cotton, wood, corn cobs, sisal, wheat straw, flax, bamboo, rice husks, pea husks, coconut shells, bagasse, and cassava residues. However, CNF is hydrophilic and absorbs moisture when exposed [18]. Therefore, the surface hydrophobicity of CNF can be changed using various chemical modification techniques, thereby improving the compatibility and dispersibility of CNF in specific solvents [19]. Through phosphorylation, carboxymethylation, oxidation and sulfonation reactions, ionic charge can be introduced to the surface of cellulose [20-23]; esterification, silylation, amidation, urethanation, and etherification can make the cellulose surface hydrophobic [24][25][26]. In summary, no matter what surface chemistry is ultimately required, the modification technology depends almost entirely on the reaction of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the CNF. The challenge for these chemical modification technologies is to change only the surface of the CNF, maintaining its original morphology and the complex structure of its internal hydroxyl groups.Wei et al. extracted CNF from oil palm waste by acid hydrolysis using natural lime juice as a cross-linking agent. The struc...

show abstract

Section: Chemical Structurementioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Apparent Morphological Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparent Morphological Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crystallinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Preparation and Properties of Cassava Residue Cellulose Nanofibril/Cassava Starch Composite Films

Huang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 8 However, the deficiencies of PMMA such as brittleness and poor mechanical properties are still major limitations or a disadvantage for its extensive application. 2 , 9 − 11 To overcome the issues, some investigations have been completed to develop PMMA composites in which reinforcement components such as carbon nanotubes, ultralong chitin nanofibers, and cellulose nanocrystals have been filled to improve the mechanical properties. 2 , 9 − 11 However, certain drawbacks still exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly High-Performance Poly(methyl methacrylate) Film Reinforced with Methylcellulose

Wang

Duo

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a thermoplastic polyester with excellent properties such as lightweight, low price, biocompatibility, and so on. However, its extensive utilization is restricted by the deficiencies of brittleness and poor mechanical properties. In this study, high-performance PMMA films enhanced by methylcellulose (MC) were fabricated by a simple procedure at ambient temperatures. The effects of PMMA/MC mass ratio and thermal compression treatment on mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) were systematically investigated. The PMMA/MC films showed remarkably enhanced mechanical properties compared with neat PMMA. The tensile strengths of the PMMA/MC (3:97) and PMMA/MC (1:1) films are higher than that of the PMMA/MC (9:1) film by about 471 and 83%, respectively. The mechanical properties were also improved after thermal compression treatment. Importantly, the PMMA/MC films could be recovered and reused. In addition, the morphologies, crystalline state, and chemical structures of the films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The films are expected to be used as sustainable and potential alternatives to petroleum-based polymer film products because of their simple preparation procedure, high-performance mechanical properties, excellent recycling, eco-friendly features, and scale manufacture.

show abstract

The adsorption mechanism of poly‐methyl methacrylate microparticles onto paper cellulose fiber surfaces without crosslinking agents

Xiao

Jia

Niu

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, poly‐ (methyl methacrylate) microparticles were effectively adsorbed onto the paper cellulose fiber surfaces during impregnation without crosslinking agents. The adsorption behavior and mechanism of microparticles onto paper cellulose fibers were further examined by physical and chemical property characterization in combination with adsorption kinetic model. We reported that the kinetic adsorption process included three phases: rapid adsorption, saturated adsorption, and equilibrium adsorption. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds which increased gradually with the increase of the mass concentration of PMMA microparticles occurred between the carboxyl group of PMMA microparticles and the hydroxyl group of paper cellulose fibers. Due to the increase of the interaction, the crystallinity‐index of the paper cellulose decreased. Furthermore, the hydrophobic interaction also occurred between PMMA microparticles and the paper fibers, leading to preferential adsorption of the microparticles on the surfaces of the hydrophobic (2 0 0) crystal cellulose.

show abstract

Green functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals for application in reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Preparation and Properties of Cassava Residue Cellulose Nanofibril/Cassava Starch Composite Films

Preparation and Properties of Cassava Residue Cellulose Nanofibril/Cassava Starch Composite Films

Eco-Friendly High-Performance Poly(methyl methacrylate) Film Reinforced with Methylcellulose

The adsorption mechanism of poly‐methyl methacrylate microparticles onto paper cellulose fiber surfaces without crosslinking agents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About