Green Hydrogen Blends with Natural Gas and Its Impact on the Gas Network

Abstract

With increasing shares of variable and uncertain renewable generation in many power systems, there is an associated increase in the importance of energy storage to help balance supply and demand. Gas networks currently store and transport energy, and they have the potential to play a vital role in longer-term renewable energy storage. Gas and electricity networks are becoming more integrated with quick-responding gas-fired power plants, providing a significant backup source for renewable electricity in many systems. This study investigates Ireland’s gas network and operation when a variable green hydrogen input from excess wind power is blended with natural gas. How blended hydrogen impacts a gas network’s operational variables is also assessed by modelling a quasi-transient gas flow. The modelling approach incorporates gas density and a compressibility factor, in addition to the gas network’s main pressure and flow rate characteristics. With an increasing concentration of green hydrogen, up to 20%, in the gas network, the pipeline flow rate must be increased to compensate for reduced energy quality due to the lower energy density of the blended gas. Pressure drops across the gas pipeline have been investigated using different capacities of P2H from 18 MW to 124 MW. The results show significant potential for the gas network to store and transport renewable energy as hydrogen and improve renewable energy utilisation without upgrading the gas network infrastructure.

Green Hydrogen: Perspectives and Challenges in Using the Natural Gas Network in Ceará/Brazil

“…Projects like NaturalHy in Europe and HyDeploy in the UK conduct practical tests with hydrogen and natural gas blends in private and public networks. These studies reveal the technical feasibility of blending up to 20%, with no negative impacts on infrastructure materials or end devices such as boilers and stoves (Witkowski et al, 2018;Ekhtiari, Flynn, & Syron, 2022;HyDeploy, 2020).…”

Distributional Trends in the Generation and End-Use Sector of Low-Carbon Hydrogen Plants

“…Numerous advances in blue hydrogen plants have also been made, including pyrolysis of plastic [28] and catalytic decomposition of methane [29] and other hydrocarbons [30]. Finally, numerous articles have examined different means for transportation and storage of hydrogen, an essential component of its widespread use [31][32][33][34].…”