Green Hydrogen: Production Methodology, Applications and Challenges in Nepal

Mali, Bijen; Niraula, Dayasagar; Kafle, Ranjeet; Bhusal, Abhishek

doi:10.1109/iceast52143.2021.9426300

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The hydropower potential of Nepal is about 83000 megawatts (MW) which can be commercially exploited for up to 42000 MW (Zhou et al, 2020). The present installed capacity of hydropower electricity is 1182 MW as of 2019, another 3150 MW of Hydropower projects are under construction and an additional 20000 MW of hydropower projects are under consideration (Mali et al, 2021;Thapa et al, 2021). Nepal is expected to generate a total of 12000 MW of electricity by 2030 of which 3000 MW is expected to be in surplus (Thapa et al, 2021;Thapa & Thapa, 2020).…”

Section: Electricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If ongoing 20000 MW worth of projects are completed on time, Nepal is estimated to have more than 3000 MW electricity surplus by 2030 (Thapa & Thapa, 2020). The government, at this time, can also provide electricity at a substantially low rate of USD 0.04 per kWhr or even lower for the electrolysis plant (Mali et al, 2021). The iDeCK report, on the other hand, fails to take into account the frequent shortages of natural gases and declining natural gas extraction in India since 2011 (Kumar et al, 2020;OIBN, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on the Different Processes of Urea Production for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Nepal

Chaudhary

Gautam

Poudyal³

et al. 2022

J. Inst. Sci. Tech.

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Infrastructural development in agriculture will directly help achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the least developed countries (LDCs) as the majority of the population in these regions depend on agriculture. This study presents the case of Nepal, one of the LDCs and suggests the establishment of a urea manufacturing plant for improving agriculture productivity and fulfilling the SDGs of zero hunger, no poverty and decent work, and economic growth. Herein, in the context of Nepal, we have reviewed: (i) the status of SDGs of Nepal, (ii) agricultural productivity associated with usage and supply of urea, (iii) technologies associated with urea production, (iv) the feasibility of establishing a urea plant based on the raw material availability and sustainability and (v) the opportunity for economic and technological development. The hydropower-powered electrolysis and CO2 capture from cement industry flue gas were determined to be the strategically feasible and sustainable pathway for urea production and consequently, the fulfillment of SDGs in the context of Nepal. A detailed project study on the economics of the electrolysis-based urea manufacturing process is recommended to foster a sustainable development national plan for Nepal. Although this report highlights the various aspects of urea production in Nepal, this study can be useful for other LDCs dependent on agriculture to achieve SDGs.

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Section: Electricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Different Processes of Urea Production for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Nepal

Chaudhary

Gautam

Poudyal³

et al. 2022

J. Inst. Sci. Tech.

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“…Unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) can be operated as either fuel cells or electrolysers; they consist of one electrochemical cell equipped with bifunctional electrodes, resulting in a round-trip energy converting device [ 9 , 10 ]. The operating temperature, and the type of electrolyte (e.g., polymer electrolyte, alkaline and solid oxide), are the main characteristics that differentiate cells [ 9 , 11 , 12 ]. The most common URFC technology is proton-exchange-membrane (PEM)-based, reaching round-trip energy efficiencies of 35%, whereas solid oxide-based URFCs reach 45% [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Bifunctional Ti-Based Gas Diffusion Electrode for ORR and OER by One- and Two-Step Pt-Ir Electrodeposition

Cieluch¹,

Podleschny²,

Kazamer³

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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The present paper presents one- and two-step approaches for electrochemical Pt and Ir deposition on a porous Ti-substrate to obtain a bifunctional oxygen electrode. Surface pre-treatment of the fiber-based Ti-substrate with oxalic acid provides an alternative to plasma treatment for partially stripping TiO2 from the electrode surface and roughening the topography. Electrochemical catalyst deposition performed directly onto the pretreated Ti-substrates bypasses unnecessary preparation and processing of catalyst support structures. A single Pt constant potential deposition (CPD), directly followed by pulsed electrodeposition (PED), created nanosized noble agglomerates. Subsequently, Ir was deposited via PED onto the Pt sub-structure to obtain a successively deposited PtIr catalyst layer. For the co-deposition of PtIr, a binary PtIr-alloy electrolyte was used applying PED. Micrographically, areal micro- and nano-scaled Pt sub-structure were observed, supplemented by homogenously distributed, nanosized Ir agglomerates for the successive PtIr deposition. In contrast, the PtIr co-deposition led to spherical, nanosized PtIr agglomerates. The electrochemical ORR and OER activity showed increased hydrogen desorption peaks for the Pt-deposited substrate, as well as broadening and flattening of the hydrogen desorption peaks for PtIr deposited substrates. The anodic kinetic parameters for the prepared electrodes were found to be higher than those of a polished Ir-disc.

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“…Mali et. al have explored the possible production methodology, applications, and challenges of green hydrogen in the case of Nepal [12]. Ale and Shrestha have highlighted the possibilities of the generation of hydrogen from existing hydropower plants during off-peak load and utilization of this hydrogen energy to replace the existing fossil fuels used in transportation, cooking, and lighting [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen as a fuel for electrifying transportation sector in Nepal: Opportunities and Challenges

Shakya

Shrestha

Saiju

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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At present more than 2 million kl fossil fuels are imported by Nepal per year, which is increasing at the rate of 7% annually on an average since 2012. The transportation sector alone accounts for more than 63% of the total fossil consumption. The major demand of fuels for transportation sector is diesel used by heavy-duty vehicles with high payload. The diesel demand for the year 2050 is projected to rise by 18%. There is a need for alternative fuel to diesel, which is also called hard-to-decarbonize fuel. Green hydrogen produced by electrolysis can be possibly used to power heavy locomotives due to its impressive properties as a heavy-duty transportation fuel. Several countries have already identified hydrogen as the future fuel for decarbonizing the transportation sector. Hydropower resource can be converted to green hydrogen as an energy storage medium and electrifying transportation sector. This paper identifies the need for an alternative to diesel fuel in the transportation sector and attempts to introduce hydrogen as a decarbonizing fuel to electrify the heavy-duty transportation sector of Nepal. Attempts are made to investigate the economic and environmental benefits of hydrogen in Nepal for heavy duty transportation sector in comparison to conventional fuels.

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Green Hydrogen: Production Methodology, Applications and Challenges in Nepal

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Review on the Different Processes of Urea Production for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Nepal

Review on the Different Processes of Urea Production for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Nepal

Development of a Bifunctional Ti-Based Gas Diffusion Electrode for ORR and OER by One- and Two-Step Pt-Ir Electrodeposition

Hydrogen as a fuel for electrifying transportation sector in Nepal: Opportunities and Challenges

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