Green in-Line Ion Selective Electrode Potentiometric Method for Determination of Amantadine in Dissolution Media and in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Abstract

Amantadine HCl (AMN) is a well-known antiviral agent. Chemically, AMN chromophore privation leads to the absence of UV-absorbance, a condition that hinders direct spectrophotometric or simple chromatographic determination using common detectors without prior derivatization steps. In this work, an environmentally friendly ion selective electrode (ISE) method was developed for the determination of AMN, and measurements were carried out directly in the aqueous solution of the sample without pretreatment or derivatization steps. PVC-membranes were fabricated using nitrophenyl octyl ether as a plasticizer along with different cation exchangers, responses were compared, and that containing phosphomolybdic acid proved to have the best near-Nernstian slope through a wide linear range (4.57 × 10–7)–(1.0 × 10–2) M. The ion pair was obtained by soaking the membrane sensor in a 1 × 10–2 M solution of AMN. The sensor was able to determine AMN in colored and turbid solutions of its tablets and capsules without prior extraction, pretreatment, filtration, or derivatization steps. Additionally, the sensor was successfully applied as a benchtop real-time inline analyzer in dissolution monitoring experiments from its capsules and tablets formulations as per the recommended USP and FDA regulations, respectively, where no sample withdrawal, pretreatment, or filtration was required. Sensor response was validated as per IUPAC recommendations. The proposed technique provided a green eco-friendly method that saves cost, time, and effort and consumes the least amount of chemicals.

Novel Potentiometric Solid‐contact Electrode for the Determination of Fe2+ Ions via MWCNTs‐Gemifloxacin Composite

“…In our described work, the ion complex was formed in situ by immersing the prepared sensor in 1 × 10 À 2 mol L À 1 Fe 2 + solution for 1 day, so the membrane potential becomes responsive to Fe 2 + concentration. The formation of the coordinate complex by soaking the plain carbon paste in the solution of the compound of interest is more economic, less time consuming and also increases the versatility in applications, as a single plain paste can be used for preparing more than one sensor according to the ion in the soaking solution [10].…”

Development of Potentiometric Method for In Situ Testing of Terbinafine HCl Dissolution Behavior Using Liquid Inner Contact Ion-Selective Electrode Membrane

“…Electrochemical techniques are used as simple and inexpensive analytical techniques that have the advantages of high sensitivity, minimal sample pretreatment and ease of miniaturization rather than other analytical techniques. 17 Ion-selective electrode (ISE) membranes have the advantages of being ion exchanger and selective of the analyte ions, ease of preparation, rapid response, selectivity, high sensitivity and low cost. 18 So, It is worthy to fabricate novel electrodes with z E-mail: raniaadelsayed@gmail.com competitive properties.…”

Widening the applications of the Just-Dip-It approach: a solid contact screen-printed ion-selective electrode for the real-time assessment of pharmaceutical dissolution testing in comparison to off-line HPLC analysis

“…19 Although the traditional LC-ISE has an inner lling solution that may be subjected to evaporation in the case of immersion in analyte solutions at high temperatures, it showed good performance for tracking the API release from their dosage forms. 20,21 SC-SP-ISE can provide better performance for the real-time tracking of dissolution testing.…”