Green Plants For Industrial Oleochemicals The Management of a Possible Cancer Risk

A New P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor from the Caper Spurge (Euphorbia lathyris)

“…As a result, mass cultivation of E. lathyris L. (caper spurge) and E. lagascae Spreng. was established for the production of oleic acid and vernolic acid, respectively. , Apart from its status as an “arable crop”, the caper spurge is also a medicinal plant and a prolific producer of fine chemicals of biomedical relevance. Thus, its seeds are a convenient source of ingenol and contain relatively large amounts of nonirritant macrocyclic diterpenoids of the lathyrane-type as well as dimeric coumarins .…”

An Expeditious Procedure for the Isolation of Ingenol from the Seeds of Euphorbia lathyris

“…This shortage of biochemical information on ingenol is surprising, inasmuch as its derivatives are the more common irritants of spurges ( Euphorbia spp. ) and occur in plants of horticultural relevance and agronomic potential as nonfood crops . A better understanding of the structure−activity relationships of compounds within the ingenol esters series and information on their biosynthesis will assist and rationalize the selection of chemotypes lacking (or with a reduced) skin irritancy, and thus more suitable for mass cultivation .…”

“…9 and occur in plants of horticultural relevance and agronomic potential as nonfood crops. 10 A better understanding of the structure-activity relationships of compounds within the ingenol esters series and information on their biosynthesis will assist and rationalize the selection of chemotypes lacking (or with a reduced) skin irritancy, and thus more suitable for mass cultivation. 11 The outstanding anticancer 4a and anti-HIV 5b activity of certain esters of ingenol and the ongoing synthetic activity in this area 7 provide a further rationale for improving the accessibility to ingenol itself, at present a very expensive research chemical.…”

On the Chemistry of Ingenol, Va. Preparation of Tritium-Labeled 3-O-Tetradecanoylingenol ([20-3Η]-3-TI)

“…M any o f them turned out to be tum or prom oters in the two-stage model o f tumorigenesis on mouse skin [5][6][7], In addition, in current efforts to develop certain Euphorbia spe cies as renewable oleochemical resources, 3-0-hexadecanoylingenol (3-HI) may be considered a potential risk factor o f occupational cancer [8,9]. Also, 3-HI elicits and modulates a variety of bio logical and biochemical responses in various types of cultured cells, including release o f prostaglandin E2 in mouse peritoneal m acrophages [10], induc tion o f Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated pro teins in EBV-transformed lym phoblastoid cell lines derived from B urkitt's Lym phom a [11], stim ulation of choline incorporation in the hum an epi thelial cell line HeLa [12], suppression o f sponta neous and prevention o f lymphokine-induced en- Verlag der Zeitschrift für N aturforschung, D-W-7400 Tübingen 0932-0776/92/0700-1026/$ 01.00/0 hancement of rat m acrophage cytolytic activity [13], and induction of differentiation in the hum an promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 [14].…”