“…Significant advancements in microwave instrumentation have aided in the synthesis of materials with improved reaction conditions control, producing materials with more desirable physicochemical characteristics. Commercial microwave reactors are now equipped with fiber-optic probes, magnetic stirrers, and sensors for more precise monitoring of the synthesis conditions, resulting in an enhanced reaction yield with higher reproducibility (Favretto, 2003;Ferguson, 2003;Luo et al, 2013b;Dudley et al, 2015), lower energy requirements, and shorter reaction times, among others (Figure 12). However, pressure sensitivity and thresholds (typically lower than 400 psi), and penetration depth limitations are one of the main drawbacks of microwave-assisted synthesis (Antonio De La et al, 2011;de Medeiros et al, 2019).…”