Green Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Fabricated Silver-Based Nanocomposite for Various Therapeutic Applications

Abstract

Purpose The current study proposed the simple, eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) structured silver-based nanocomposite (CMC-AgNPs) using Syzygium aromaticum buds extract. Methods The CMC-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infra-red (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The synthesized nanocomposites were evaluated for their bactericidal kinetics, in-vivo anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmaniasis, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities using different in-vitro and in-vivo models. Results The spherical shape nanocomposite of CMC-AgNPs was synthesized with the mean size range of 20–30 nm, and the average pore diameter is 18.2 nm while the mean zeta potential of −31.6 ± 3.64 mV. The highly significant (P < 0.005) antibacterial activity was found against six bacterial strains with the ZIs of 24.6 to 27.9 mm. More drop counts were observed in Gram-negative strains after 10 min exposure with CMC-AgNPs. Significant damage in bacterial cell membrane was also observed in atomic force microscopy (AFM) after treated with CMC-AgNPs. Nanocomposite showed highly significant anti-inflammatory activity in cotton pellet induced granuloma model (Phase I) in rats with the mean inhibitions of 43.13% and 48.68% at the doses of 0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively, when compared to control. Reduction in rat paw edema (Phase II) was also highly significant (0.025 mg/kg; 42.39%; 0.05 mg/kg, 47.82%). At dose of 0.05 mg/kg, CMC-AgNPs caused highly significant decrease in leukocyte counts (922 ± 83), levels of CRP (8.4 ± 0.73 mg/mL), IL-1 (177.4 ± 21.3 pg/mL), IL-2 (83.7 ± 11.5 pg/mL), IL-6 (83.7 ± 11.5 pg/mL) and TNF-α (18.3 ± 5.3 pg/mL) as compared to control group. CMC-AgNPs produced highly effective anti-leishmaniasis activity with the viable Leishmania major counts decreased up to 36.7% within 24 h, and the IC 50 was found to be 28.41 μg/mL. The potent DPPH radical scavenging potential was also observed for CMC-AgNPs with the IC 50 value of 112 μg/mL. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity was assessed using HeLa cell lines with the LC 50 of 108.2 μg/mL. Conclusion The current findings demonstrate positive attributes of CMC fabricated AgNPs as a promising antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmaniasis, and antioxidant agent with low cytotoxic potential.

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Althaea officinalis Flower Extract Coated with Chitosan for Potential Healing Effects on Diabetic Wounds by Inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6/IL-1β Signaling Pathways

“…Moreover, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid showed also the highest binding affinity scores for IL-1β (−7.8, −9.4, and −9.2 kcal/mol., respectively). 27,41 They revealed the hydrogen bond interactions with ASN108 and MET148 important amino acid residues in the vicinity of the protein active site 43 (Figure 8B). Binding fit to GSK3-β protein active site requires interactions with LYS85 and ASP200 amino acids which are achieved by quercetin and chlorogenic acid through hydrogen bonding and are supported by other several binding forces, rosmarinic acid showed the highest binding energy score for GSK3-β active site (−11.3 kcal/mol.)…”

Review on Recent Developments in Bioinspired-Materials for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Applications

“…Nowadays, more focus has been given to the nanomaterials for environmental clean-up due to their chemical properties, quantum size, flexible functions, adaptability, high ratio between surface area to volume. Bio-inspired materials have more surface to volume ratio, and they show target specific characteristics with locations for the binding of functional groups which can be utilized for the holding of pollutants [137,138]. Bio-inspired nanomaterials showed significant potential for the environmental uses such as wastewater treatment, removal of heavy metals, dye, purification of air and pollutants monitoring in the environment.…”

Recent advances in nutritional composition, phytochemistry, bioactive, and potential applications of Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae)

“…CE-silver nanoparticles, synthesized by biosynthesis, showed good inhibitory activity against marine bacterial communities and Nitzschia closterium diatoms activity (112). Carboxymethyl cellulose structured silver-based nanocomposite (CMC-AgNPs) containing CE has shown antibacterial, in vivo anti-inflammatory, antileishmanial and antioxidant activities with low cytotoxicity (113). In addition, the synthesis of Au/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles by a single-step green route with CE significantly enhanced antioxidant and catalytic activity compared to individual monometallic nanoparticles (114).…”